evidence law：证据法

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1、1/.RelevanceTheRulesofEvidenceThe EvidenceAct(NSW)(1995) appliestoallproceedingsinaNSWcourt,exceptsentenceproceedings.TheActappliestosentenceproceedingsonlyifthecourtdirects,butsuchadirectionmustbegivenifapartyappliesandthefactissignificantindeterminingsentence(s.4

2、EvidenceAct).Relevance'Thefundamentalrulegoverningtheadmissibilityofevidenceisthatitberelevant.Ineveryinstancetheprofferedevidencemustultimatelybebroughttothattouchstone':BarwickCJin Wilson(1970)123CLR334 at337.Thetouchstoneofadmissibilityisrelevance.Evidencewhichi

3、srelevantisgenerallyadmissible,andevidencewhichisirrelevantisinadmissible: s.56EvidenceAct.Evidenceisrelevantifitisevidencewhich,ifaccepted,couldrationallyaffecttheassessmentoftheprobabilityofafactinissueintheproceedings: s.55EvidenceAct, MundarraSmith(2001)206CLR6

4、50,75ALJR1398.A'factinissue'meansthefactualelementsoftheoffencechargedandanydefence.Evidencemayalsoberelevantifitrelatestothecredibilityofawitness,theadmissibilityofotherevidence,orafailuretoadduceevidence: s.55(2).TypesofEvidenceThreeimportanttypesofevidenceincrim

5、inalproceedingsare: ·confessionalevidence-'hetoldmethathedidit'·identificationevidence-'Isawhimdoit'·circumstantialevidence-'hemusthavedoneit'.2/.TheConfessiona.WhatCanConstituteaConfessionorAdmissionAdmissionsGenerallyAn'admission'isdefinedinthe DictionarytotheEvi

6、denceAct asapreviousrepresentationmadebyapartytoproceedings(includingadefendantincriminalproceedings)whichisadversetotheperson'sinterestintheoutcomeoftheproceedings.Thehearsayruleandtheopinionruledonotapplytoevidenceofanadmission: s.81EvidenceAct.Butforthisprovisio

7、n,strictlyspeaking,anadmissionwouldbeinadmissiblebecauseofofthehearsayrule,becauseitisanoutofcourtstatementtenderedtoprovethetruthofthestatement.Admissionswhicharesecondhandhearsay('XtoldmethatYtoldhimthatYdidthemurder')areinadmissible: s.82EvidenceAct.Intheusualca

8、se,itisclearwhatisanadmissionandwhatisnot;thus,forexample,inamurdertrial'IhavekilledMum'isanadmission.Thebalanceofthissectionrelatestolessobvious