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1、READINGSELECTIONATheFunctionsandEffectsofMusicBySamuelL.Beckerfunction（s）:(1)vt.;(2)n.功能、功效Givenname;sir-name/Christianname/Familyname/lastnameeffect->effective<->efficient->efficiency(n.)[1]Youarewellawareof(=realize)thefactthatbooks,newspapers,magazines,motionp
2、ictures(film/movie),radio,andtelevisionhavebeenusedfor(dissuade<->persuade)persuasivepurposes:tosellbeerandsoap(~watch),ideasandpoliticalcandidates;tobringabout(cause/leadto)socialchangeortoquell(=suppress)arevolution.Fewofusthinkaboutmusicorrecordingsbeingusedfo
3、rthesepurposes,buttheyareandhavebeenforalongtime.[2]Everywarhashaditssongsthatwhippedup(arouse)patrioticfervor(=enthusiasm)or,inthecase(example)oftheVietnamWar,thatencouragedprotestagainstit.Sometitles(names)ofrecordspopularinthiscountry(theUSA)duringWorldWarIIsu
4、ggest(show)theextent(degree)ofthemobilizationoftherecordingindustryforthewareffort(n.):"RememberPearlHarbor","HavetoSlapThatDirtyLittleJap","There'saStarSpangledBannerWavingSomewhere","AnyBondsToday",and"'Roundand'RoundHitler'sGrave".[Bonds:[C]bond(betweenAandB)s
5、omethingthatformsaconnectionbetweenpeopleorgroups,suchasafeelingoffriendshiporsharedideasandexperiences:e.g.Abondoffriendshiphadbeenforgedbetweenthem.E.g.Theagreementstrengthenedthebondsbetweenthetwocountries.E.g.thespecialbondbetweenmotherandchild][3]Theanti-Vie
6、tnamprotestsofthesixtiesandearlyseventiesbroughtforth(=broughtabout)quiteanotherkindofsong.Onewas"BigMuddy",aboutagroupofsoldiersblindlyfollowingtheircommandingofficerintoariverwheremanyweredrowned.Those(=thosepeople)whosangandheardthesongknewthatthe"BigMuddy"ref
7、erredtoVietnamandthecommandertoPresidentLyndonJohnson,andtheirantiwarpassionswereintensified(=strengthened)."WhereHaveAlltheFlowersGone","TheTimes,TheyareA-Changin'",and"GivePeaceaChance"wereotherpopularsongswhoserecordingswerewidelyplayedandusedtobuild(arouse)re
8、sistancetothewar.[4]Musicisusednotonlytoadd(increase)persuasivebitsofinformationforthemessages(belief)inourheadsaboutwar.Persuasivemusicplaysanimportantrole(pa
