语言学chapter 4 exercises 含答案

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1、Chapter4 FromWordtoTextI.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse:1.Grammaticalsentencesareformedfollowingasetofsyntacticrules.2.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,butthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcompreh

2、end.3.Anendocentricconstructionisalsoknownasheadedconstructionbecauseithasjustonehead4.Constituentsthatcanbesubstitutedforoneanotherwithoutlossofgrammaticalitybelongtothesamesyntacticcategory.5.InEnglishsyntacticanalysis,fourphrasalcategoriesarecommonlyrecognizedanddiscussed,namely,n

3、ounphrase,verbphrase,infinitivephrase,andauxiliaryphrase.6.Numberandgenderarecategoriesofnounandpronoun.7.WordorderplaysanimportantroleintheorganizationofEnglishsentences.8.LikeEnglish,modernChineseisaSVOlanguage.9.  InEnglishthesubjectusuallyprecedestheverbandthedirectobjectusuallyf

4、ollowstheverb.10. Anounphrasemustcontainanoun,butotherelementsareoptional.(1-5TTFTF6-10TTTTT)II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:1As________isastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand

5、2.Aclausethattakesasubjectandafiniteverb,andatthesametimestructurallyaloneisknownasanf__________clause3.Thepartofasentencewhichcomprisesafiniteverboraverbphraseandwhichsayssomethingaboutthesubjectisgrammaticallycalledp_________.4.Ac_________sentencecontainstwo,ormore,clauses,oneofwhi

6、chisincorporatedintotheother.5.Inthecomplexsentence,theincorporatedorsubordinateclauseisnormallycalledane_______clause.6.Majorlexicalcategoriesareo___categoriesinthesensethatnewwordsareconstantlyadded.7.G_________relationsrefertothestructuralandlogicalfunctionalrelationsbetweeneveryn

7、ounphraseandsentence8.Aa__________sentenceconsistsofasingleclausewhichcontainsasubjectandapredicateandstandsaloneasitsownsentence.9.As__________isastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.10. As__________maybeanounoranoun

8、phraseinasen