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1、UnderstandingtheWTONegotiationsProcessUNDERSTANDINGTHEWORLDTRADEORGANIZATIONNEGOTIATIONSPROCESSJ.A.Aremu*IntroductionAsglobalizationushersinrapidexpansioninglobalmarkets,itissimultaneouslypresentingbothnewchallengesandnewopportunitiesformosteconomies.Formostdevelopingco
2、untries,likeNigeria,visibleimpactaboutglobalizationremainsthatofincreasingpovertyandmarginalization.ThisdevelopmenthasmadeanalyststoconcludethatsincetheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)appearstobeloadedagainstthepoor,itnameshouldactuallybecalledWorstTradeOrganization.Why?Over
3、theyears,theorganization(WTO)hasbeenseentoalwayssetitsagendafornegotiationinamannerthatpromotestheinterestsofdevelopedcountriesandtheirtransnationalcorporations(TNCs)inawaythatleadstoresurgenceofprotectionistanddiscriminatorypoliciesofdevelopedcountriesagainstdeveloping
4、countriesthataremembersofWTO.Inotherwords,whiletradehasbecomeanincreasingpowerfulengineofgrowthindevelopedcountries,makingWTOtoappearasaWonderfulTradeOrganizationithasequallyfueledinequalitiesbothbetweenandwithincountrieswhoaremembersoftheWTO.Despitetheobjectivesofestab
5、lishingWTO,mostdevelopingcountries,likeNigeria,lackthehumanandeconomicresourcesrequiredtocompeteinglobalmarket;andthus,theyfacebewilderingarrayofprotectionistpolicies.Inplaceswheremarketopportunitiesexistindevelopingcountries,poorhouseholdsareby-passedbecausetheylackacc
6、esstoinfrastructure,credit,land,andeducationaswellasappropriatehealthservices.ThispositionwasequallyhighlightedbyUNCTAD(1997)initsreportthatrevealedthatinmostallcountriesthathaveundertakenrapidtradeliberalization,wageinequalityhasincreased,mostofteninthecontextofdeclini
7、ngindustrialemploymentofunskilledworkersaswellaslargeabsolutefallinrealwages.Essentially,tradeliberalizationhasbroughtglobalinequalitiesinthreemaindimensions:(a)inequalitybetweencountriesisrisingalongsidetheexpansionofworldtrade;(b)inequalityisalsoincreasingwithincountr
8、iesassomecommunitiesandregionsarebetterplacedtotakeadvantageofincreasingglobalmarketingopportunitiesthanothers
