international trade 4

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1、Chapter4Resources,ComparativeAdvantage,andIncomeDistribution(Heckcher-OhlinTheory赫克歇尔-俄林模型)1CasestudyThescarce（稀缺）andabundant（充裕）resources（资源）inChina22000年，全球石油剩余探明可采储量为1421亿吨，其中中东地区的沙特、伊拉克、科威特和伊朗四个国家拥有世界63％的储量，是世界所有其它地区石油储量总和的近两倍。我国石油只有世界人均占有量的11％。进口石油产品3我国人均占有森林面积相当于世界人均占有量的21．3％，人均

2、森林蓄积量只有世界人均蓄积量的12．5％。加拿大人均森林面积是中国的约六十倍。进口新闻纸4２００５年１月６日零点２分，中国第１３亿个公民在北京妇产医院出生，这一天也成为“中国１３亿人口日”（世界人口为65）。出口劳动密集型产品5Intherealworld,whiletradeispartlyexplainedbydifferencesinlaborproductivity,italsoreflectsdifferencesincountries’resources.Chapter4examinesamodelinwhichresourcedifferencesa

3、retheonlysourceoftradeandcomparativeadvantageisinfluencedbytheinteractionbetweennations’resources.6ItshowsthatcomparativeadvantageisinfluencedbyRelativefactorabundance(referstocountries)andRelativefactorintensity(referstogoods)Itisalsoreferredtoasthefactor-proportionstheoryandtheHecks

4、cher-Ohlintheory(developedbytwoSwedisheconomists).Itisoneofthemostinfluentialtheoriesininternationaleconomics.7Hewasbornintoanupper-middleclassfamilyinavillageintheSouthofSwedeninApril,1899.Itwasalargefamilywithsevenchildren.BertilOhlin(1899-1979)8BertilOhlindevelopedthefactorendowmen

5、ttheory（生产要素禀赋学说）.HewasnotonlyaprofessorofeconomicsatStockholm,butalsoamajorpoliticalfigureinSweden.Hewastheheadofliberalpartyforalmosta1/4ofacentury.HewasMinisterofTradeduringWorldWarII.In1979OhlinwasawardedaNobelprizejointlywithJamesMeadeforhisworkininternationaltradetheory.9HeWasaS

6、wedisheconomist.Heisprobablybestknownforhisbook“Mercantilist.”（重商主义）HedevelopedtheessentialsofthefactorendowmenttheoryofinternationaltradeinashortarticleinSwedishin1919.EliHeckscher(1879-1952)10ChapterOrganizationAModelofaTwo-FactorEconomyEffectsofInternationalTradeBetweenTwo-FactorEc

7、onomiesThepoliticaleconomyoftrade:preliminaryviewEmpiricalEvidenceontheHeckscher-OhlinModel11AModelofaTwo-FactorEconomy(Heckscher-OhlinModel)Heckscher-OhlinModelreferredtoas“2by2by2”:Twocountries:homeandforeignTwogoods:clothandfoodTwofactorsofproduction:landandlaborwhy?12AModelofaTwo-

8、Facto