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1、TheChronicleoftheHistoryofBlackPeopleinAmerican1619Shackles(手铐,脚镣,镣铐)usedonslavesinEastAfricaADutchshipbrings20AfricanstotheEnglishcolonyofJamestown,Virginia,wheretheyarebartered(物物交换)forfoodstuffsinthefirstslaveauctionintheAmericancolonies.MostAfricansco
2、meoriginallyasindenturedservants(契约劳工)-asmanyEuropeanpioneersdo-andworkuntiltheyhavepaidfortheirpassageandboughttheirfreedom.Butwithinafewdecades,theyarriveasslaves,withnohopeofemancipation.1641Massachusettsisthefirstcolonytorecogniseslaveryaslegal.Twenty
3、yearslater,aVirginiacourtdeclaresthatachildborntoaslaveisalsoaslave.1776'Weholdthesetruthstobeselfevident,thatallmenarecreatedequal'.SosaytheFoundingFathersintheDeclarationofIndependence,whichestablishestheUnitedStatesfollowingtheAmericanWarofIndependence
4、.Slavery,however,continuesunaffected.ThomasJeffersondraftedthedeclaration.HebelievesthatblacksarestillGod'screatures,butaredifferentfromwhitesinthattheyareunabletodifferentiatebetweenloveandlustandfeelgrief.GeorgeWashington,thefirstpresident,has316slaveso
5、nhisplantationinVirginia.1794Foundingoffirstnationalanti-slaveryorganisation.TheU.Sthenbanstheimportingofslaves,thoughnottheuse(andabuse)ofthem.Thetradeitselfgoesunderground.Overthenexthalf-century,250,000blackslavesareslippedintotheU.S.1820Growingdemands
6、foremancipationinthenorthernstatesarecounteredbyeffortstoexpandslaverybytheSouth.Positionsbegintoentrenchbetweenthosestatesthatallowslaveryandthosethatdon't.Thenorthernstateswanttofreeslaves,whilethesouthernstateswanttoexpandslavery1837AbolitionistsintheN
7、orthestablishsecretescaperoutesforfugitivesfromtheSouth.TheAmericanAnti-SlaverySociety,foundedinPhiladelphia,has250,000members.1857AslavenamedDredScottpetitions（请愿书）forhisfreedom.ButtheSupremeCourtsaysnooneofAfricandescentcanhaveanyrightsofcitizenship.185
8、9AbolitionistJohnBrownconductsaraidatHarper'sFerry,Virginiatofreeandarmslaves.Heiscapturedandexecutedbutbecomesamartyrforthecauseandisimmortalised（不朽的）inthehymnJohnBrown'sbody.1861OutbreakofthebitterandbloodyCivilWa
