The History of the Black Panther Party (2007)

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1、SURVIVALPENDINGREVOLUTIONSURVIVALPENDINGREVOLUTIONTheHistoryoftheBlackPantherPartyPAULALKEBULANTheUniversityofAlabamaPressTuscaloosaCopyright©2007TheUniversityofAlabamaPressTuscaloosa,Alabama35487-0380AllrightsreservedManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaTypeface:Garamond∞Thepapero

2、nwhichthisbookisprintedmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmericanNationalStandardforInformationSciences-PermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibraryMaterials,ANSIZ39.48–1984.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataAlkebulan,Paul.Survivalpendingrevolution:thehistoryoftheBlackPantherParty/Paul

3、Alkebulan.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN-13:978-0-8173-1549-8(cloth:alk.paper)ISBN-10:0-8173-1549-71.BlackPantherParty—History.2.Revolutionaries—UnitedStates—History—20thcentury.3.Radicalism—UnitedStates—History—20thcentury.4.AfricanAmericans—Politicsandgovernme

4、nt—20thcentury.5.AfricanAmericans—Civilrights—History—20thcentury.6.UnitedStates—Racerelations—Politicalaspects—History—20thcentury.7.BlackPantherParty—Biography.I.Title.E185.615.A6272007322.4′20973—dc222006038430ThisbookisdedicatedtotherankandfileoftheBlackPantherPartywhoworkedandsa

5、crificed,oftenanonymously,toimplementtheircommunityprograms:medicalclinics,liberationschools,andfreebreakfastsforschoolchildren.TheircourageanddevotionwasinthebesttraditionoftheAfricanAmericanstrugglefordemocracy.CONTENTSAcknowledgments/ixIntroduction/xiListofAbbreviations/xviiProlog

6、ue/11.TheHeirsofMalcolm/82.SurvivalPendingRevolution/273.RegionalDevelopmentoftheBlackPantherParty/464.EnemiesofthePeople/775.WomenandtheBlackPantherParty/986.DeclineandFall/117Epilogue/126Notes/133BibliographicEssay/157SelectedBibliography/167Index/171ACKNOWLEDGMENTSIwanttotakethis

7、opportunitytothankthepeopleandinstitutionsthatas-sistedinthisproject.ThisbookwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthewholeheartedcooperationofthemanyformerPantherPartymemberswhograciouslyconsentedtobeinterviewedovertheyears.Iknewsomeofthesemenandwomenfrom1969through1971.Therewereothers,ho

8、wever,whoImetforthe