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1、GatewayHeritagemagazine,vol.4,no.1,Summer1983.Copyright©bytheMissouriHistoricalSociety.Missouri'sBlackHistory:FromColonialTimesto1970byKatharineT.CorbettBlackswerebroughttowhatisnowMissourilongbeforeitbecameastate.Thefirstgroupofasmanyas500camein1719.TheyweretransportedfromHa
2、ititoworkintheleadminessouthwestofpresent-daySt.Louis.HalfacenturylaterMissouri'sfirsturbanslavesservedthecreolearistocracyofSt.Louisafteritsfoundingasatradingpostin1764.HaitianslavesalsoplayedanindirectroleinAmericanacquisitionoftheLouisianaTerritoryin1803.Arousedbytherhetor
3、icoffreedomthatinspiredtheAmericanandFrenchrevolutions,HaitianslavesrebelledagainsttheirFrenchmastersin1791.Napoleon,rulerofFrance,lost40,000troopsinanunsuccessfulattempttoputdowntherebellion.HavinglostHaitiandfearfulofhisabilitytoholdhisAmericanpossessionsagainstBritishassau
4、lt,NapoleondecidedtoridhimselfofallhisAmericanpossessions.WithinthiscontextAmericanambassadorswereabletonegotiatethepurchaseoftheLouisianaTerritory.An1810censusfound607freeblacksand3,011slavesintheMissouriTerritory,about17percentofthetotalpopulation.WhenMissouribecameastateel
5、evenyearslater,therewerenearlytenthousandblacksofwhom376werefree.ThelargeincreaseinslavesmostlywasassociatedwiththeestablishmentoflargehempfarmsinthebottomlandoftheMissouriandMississippirivers.Thelargehempplantationsemployedasmanyasahundredslaves,butmostslaveholdersheldfarfew
6、er,averagingonlyaboutfourslavesperfarm.Alongwithservingasfieldhands,slavesworkedatmanyotherjobsincludinghouseholdservants,handy-men,carpenters,miners,railroadworkers,bricklayersanddeckhands.Insomecasesmastershiredouttheirskilledslaves,allowingthemtokeepasmallpartofthewagesthe
7、yearned.By1860Missourihad115,000slavesand3,600freeblacks.Togetherthetwogroupscomprisedabout10percentofthestate'spopulation.Duringtheantebellumdecadeslocalauthoritiescontrolledtheblackpopulationwithlawscalled"BlackCodes."Theselawswerebasedonthepremisethatbecauseblackswereprope
8、rtytheywerenotentitledtothesamelegalrightsaswhites.Missourilawdefine
