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1、高级英语第三册教师用书总主编：文旭主编：周杰宁梅副主编：彭启英曾贤模编者：彭启英范翠华张炼杨静田婷熊晓雪何泠静谭晶王婉霞刘臻137Unit1TextAHappinessbyMortimer.J.AdlerBackgroundInformationMortimerJ.AdlerwasanAmericanauthor,educator,andphilosopherwhochampionedtherepopularizationoftheGreatBooksandGreatIdeascurriculumofstudy.Hede
2、votedhimselftocreatingaconsolidatedoverviewofthemajorideascontainedwithintheclassicsandtheirrelationtooneanother.HepublishedDialecticin1927,summarizingthegreatphilosophicalandreligiousideasofwesterncivilization.AlongwithRobertM.Hutchinsheeditedthe54-volumeGreatBo
3、oksoftheWesternWorld(1952),putoutbyEncyclopediaBritannica,forwhomhehadbecomeaneditor.Adleralsotackledaproposedtwo-volumecompanionindexofthegreatideascontainedwithinthesebooks,theSyntopicon.Theproject,whichheexpectedtofinishwithinoneyear,endeduptakingtenyearstocom
4、plete,involvingthelaborsofthirtyindexersandsixtyclericalhelpers.Inthisexcerpt,AdlerexploresandillustratesvariousinterpretationsofhappinessproposedbyfamousscholarsincludingKant,Locke,Aristotle,Mill,PlatoandPlotinus.Heisconcernedwithhappinessasanethicalprinciple,an
5、dthereforetheproblemstobefacedbythosewho,inonewayoranother,accepthappinessasthesupremegoodandtheendoflife.AccordingtoAdler,suchpeoplecannotmakehappinessthefirstprincipleofethicswithouthavingtofacemanyquestionsconcerningthenatureofhappinessanditsrelationtovirtue.T
6、heme&StructureEveryonedesiresandpursueshappiness,asisproposedbytheauthoratthebeginningthat“thereseemstobenoquestionthatmenwanthappiness”.However,theymayvarytoagreatextentonwhathappinessis.Inthisexcerpt,theauthorexploresandintroducesvariousinterpretationsofhappine
7、ssinthetraditionofwesternthought.BeginningwithKantwhounderstandshappinesstoconsistinthesatisfactionofallourdesires,andsuchpragmaticethicscannothelpbeingempirical.Buthappinessshouldnotbeusedtoimposeanymoralobligationortoprovideastandardofrightorwronginhumanbehavio
8、r,norcanitbeusedasafirstprincipleinethics.FollowingisLocke’theorythatthoughallmen’sdesirestendtohappiness,yettheyarenotmovedbythesameobject.Peoplemaychoosediff
