土木工程外文翻译---抗震钢筋混凝土结构设计原则

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1、附　录SeismologyCivilEngineeringSEISMICRESISTANTREINFORCEDCONCRETESTRUCTURES-DESIGNPRINCIPLESSUMMARY:Earthquakescauseconsiderableeconomiclosses.Itispossibletominimizetheeconomiclosesbyproperseismicdesign.Inthispaperbasicprinciplesforseismicdesignaresummarized.Therearethre

2、ebasicrequirementstobesatisfied;(a)strength,(b)ductilityand(c)stiffness.Inthepaperthesearebrieflydiscussed.Inthesecondpartofthepapertheauthorsummarizeshisviewsonthedamagesobservedinthepastearthquakes.Heconcludesthatmostofthedamageshavebeendueto,(a)badconfiguration,(b)i

3、nadequatedetailingand(c)inadequatesupervision.Inthepaperthesearediscussed,pointingoutthecommonmistakesmadeanddamagesobservedasaresultofthesemistakes.Inthelastpartofthepapersomesimplerecommendationsaremadeforproducingseismicresistantreinforcedconcretestructures,emphasiz

4、ingondetailingandproportioning.KeyWords:Seismicresistance,reinforcedconcrete.1.INTRODUCTIONEveryyearmorethan300000earthquakesoccurontheearth.Manyoftheseareofsmallintensityanddonotcauseanydamagetoourstructures.However,earthquakesoflargerintensityinthevicinityofpopulated

5、areascauseconsiderabledamageandlossoflife.Itisestimatedthatontheaverage15000peoplehavebeenkilledeachyearthroughouttheworldbecauseofearthquakes.Sinceancienttimesmankindhassoughtwaysandmeansofminimizingthedamagecausedbyearthquakes.Thegreatmastersoftheartofbuildinghavebee

6、nabletobuildstructureswhichhavewithstoodmanysevereearthquakesforcenturies.MagnificentmosquesandbridgesintheMiddleEastbuiltbyourancestorsarestillinservice,Thesemastersdidnotknowseismicanalysis,butwereabletoevaluatepastexperiencewiththeirexcellentengineeringintuitionandj

7、udgement.Mosques,bridgesandschools(Medrese)builtbySinaninIstanbulandEdirnearenotonlybeautiful,butarealsoengineeringmasterpieces.Todaywehavegreatadvantagesascomparedtoourancestors.Wehavemoreexperience,wehavehighlydevelopedanalyticaltoolsandconsiderableexperimentaldata.I

8、tshouldalsobenotedthatcomputersenableustoconsidermorevariablesandseveralalternativesintheanalysis.Themainobjectiveoft