土木工程外文翻译---抗震钢筋混凝土结构设计原则

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1、附　录SeismologyCivilEngineeringSEISMICRESISTANTREINFORCEDCONCRETESTRUCTURES-DESIGNPRINCIPLESSUMMARY:Earthquakescauseconsiderableeconomiclosses.Itispossibletominimizetheeconomiclosesbyproperseismicdesign.Inthispaperbasicprinciplesforseismicdesignaresummarized.Therearethreebasicrequirementstobesat

2、isfied;(a)strength,(b)ductilityand(c)stiffness.Inthepaperthesearebrieflydiscussed.Inthesecondpartofthepapertheauthorsummarizeshisviewsonthedamagesobservedinthepastearthquakes.Heconcludesthatmostofthedamageshavebeendueto,(a)badconfiguration,(b)inadequatedetailingand(c)inadequatesupervision.Inth

3、epaperthesearediscussed,pointingoutthecommonmistakesmadeanddamagesobservedasaresultofthesemistakes.Inthelastpartofthepapersomesimplerecommendationsaremadeforproducingseismicresistantreinforcedconcretestructures,emphasizingondetailingandproportioning.KeyWords:Seismicresistance,reinforcedconcret

4、e.1.INTRODUCTIONEveryyearmorethan300000earthquakesoccurontheearth.Manyoftheseareofsmallintensityanddonotcauseanydamagetoourstructures.However,earthquakesoflargerintensityinthevicinityofpopulatedareascauseconsiderabledamageandlossoflife.Itisestimatedthatontheaverage15000peoplehavebeenkilledeach

5、yearthroughouttheworldbecauseofearthquakes.Sinceancienttimesmankindhassoughtwaysandmeansofminimizingthedamagecausedbyearthquakes.Thegreatmastersoftheartofbuildinghavebeenabletobuildstructureswhichhavewithstoodmanysevereearthquakesforcenturies.MagnificentmosquesandbridgesintheMiddleEastbuiltbyo

6、urancestorsarestillinservice,Thesemastersdidnotknowseismicanalysis,butwereabletoevaluatepastexperiencewiththeirexcellentengineeringintuitionandjudgement.Mosques,bridgesandschools(Medrese)builtbySinaninIstanbulandEdirnearenotonlybeautiful,butarealsoengineeringmasterpieces.Todaywehavegreatadvant

7、agesascomparedtoourancestors.Wehavemoreexperience,wehavehighlydevelopedanalyticaltoolsandconsiderableexperimentaldata.Itshouldalsobenotedthatcomputersenableustoconsidermorevariablesandseveralalternativesintheanalysis.Themainobjectiveoft