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1、山东建筑大学毕业设计外文文献及译文外文文献：ProjectCostControl:TheWayitWorksByR.MaxWidemanInarecentconsultingassignmentwerealizedthattherewassomelackofunderstandingofthewholesystemofprojectcostcontrol,howitissetupandapplied.Sowedecidedtowriteupadescriptionofhowitworks.Projectcostcontrolisnotthatdifficultto
2、followintheory.Firstyouestablishasetofreferencebaselines.Then,asworkprogresses,youmonitorthework,analyzethefindings,forecasttheendresultsandcomparethosewiththereferencebaselines.Iftheendresultsarenotsatisfactorythenyoumakeadjustmentsasnecessarytotheworkinprogress,andrepeatthecycleatsu
3、itableintervals.Iftheendresultsgetreallyoutoflinewiththebaselineplan,youmayhavetochangetheplan.Morelikely,therewillbe(orhavebeen)scopechangesthatchangethereferencebaselineswhichmeansthateverytimethathappensyouhavetochangethebaselineplananyway.Butprojectcostcontrolisalotmoredifficultto
4、doinpractice,asisevidencedbythenumberofprojectsthatfailtocontaincosts.Italsoinvolvesasignificantamountofwork,asweshallsee,andwemightaswellstartatthebeginning.Soletusfollowthethreadofprojectcostcontrolthroughtheentireprojectlifespan.And,whileweareatit,wewilltaketheopportunitytopointout
5、theproperplacesforseveralsignificantdocuments.TheseincludetheBusinessCase,theRequestfor(acapital)Appropriation(forexecution),WorkPackagesandtheWorkBreakdownStructure,theProjectCharter(orBrief),theProjectBudgetorCostPlan,EarnedValueandtheCostBaseline.Allofthesecontributetotheorganizati
6、on'sabilitytoeffectivelycontrolprojectcosts.FootnoteIamindebtedtomyfriendQuentinFleming,theguruofEarnedValue,forcheckingandcorrectingmyworkonthistopic.TheBusinessCaseandApplicationfor(execution)FundingItisimportanttonotethatprojectcostcontrolismosteffectivewhentheexecutivemanagementre
7、sponsiblehasagoodunderstandingofhowprojectsshouldunfoldthroughtheprojectlifespan.Thismeansthattheyexercisetheirresponsibilitiesatthekeydecisionpoints11山东建筑大学毕业设计外文文献及译文betweenthemajorphases.Theymustalsorecognizetheimportanceofprojectriskmanagementforidentifyingandplanningtoheadoffatle
8、astth
