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1、山东建筑大学毕业设计外文文献及译文外文文献：ProjectCostControl:TheWayitWorksByR.MaxWidemanInarecentconsultingassignmentwerealizedthattherewassomelackofunderstandingofthewholesystemofprojectcostcontrol,howitissetupandapplied.Sowedecidedtowriteupadescriptionofhowitworks.Projectcostcontrolisnotthatdifficu
2、lttofollowintheory.Firstyouestablishasetofreferencebaselines.Then,asworkprogresses,youmonitorthework,analyzethefindings,forecasttheendresultsandcomparethosewiththereferencebaselines-Iftheendresultsarenotsatisfactorythenyoumakeadjustmentsasnecessarytotheworkinprogress,andrepeatthec
3、ycleatsuitableintervals.Iftheendresultsgetreallyoutoflinewiththebaselineplan,youmayhavetochangetheplan.Morelikely,therewillbe(orhavebeen)scopechangesthatchangethereferencebaselineswhichmeansthateverytimethathappensyouhavetochangethebaselineplananyway.Butprojectcostcontrolisalotmor
4、edifficulttodoinpractice,asisevidencedbythenumberofprojectsthatfailtocontaincosts.Italsoinvolvesasignificantamountofwork,asweshallsee,andwemightaswellstartatthebeginning.Soletusfollowthethreadofprojectcostcontrolthroughtheentireprojectlifespan.And,whileweareatit,wewilltaketheoppor
5、tunitytopointouttheproperplacesforseveralsignificantdocuments.TheseincludetheBusinessCase,theRequestfor(acapital)Appropriation(forexecution),WorkPackagesandtheWorkBreakdownStructure,theProjectCharter(orBrief),theProjectBudgetorCostPlan,EarnedValueandtheCostBaseline.Allofthesecontr
6、ibutetotheorganization'sabilitytoeffectivelycontrolprojectcosts-FootnoteIamindebtedtomyfriendQuentinFleming,theguruofEarnedValue,forcheckingandcorrectingmyworkonthistopic.TheBusinessCaseandApplicationfor(execution)FundingItisimportanttonotethatprojectcostcontrolismosteffectivewhen
7、theexecutivemanagementresponsiblehasagoodunderstandingofhowprojectsshouldunfoldthroughtheprojectlifespan.Thismeansthattheyexercisetheirresponsibilitiesatthekeydecisionpoints1山东建筑大学毕业设计外文文献及译文betweenthemajorphases.Theymustalsorecognizetheimportanceofprojectriskmanagementforidentify
8、ingandplanningtoheadoffatleastthe
