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1、.外文文献：ProjectCostControl:TheWayitWorksByR.MaxWidemanInarecentconsultingassignmentwerealizedthattherewassomelackofunderstandingofthewholesystemofprojectcostcontrol,howitissetupandapplied.Sowedecidedtowriteupadescriptionofhowitworks.Projectcostcontrolisnotthatdifficulttofoll
2、owintheory.Firstyouestablishasetofreferencebaselines.Then,asworkprogresses,youmonitorthework,analyzethefindings,forecasttheendresultsandcomparethosewiththereferencebaselines.Iftheendresultsarenotsatisfactorythenyoumakeadjustmentsasnecessarytotheworkinprogress,andrepeatthec
3、ycleatsuitableintervals.Iftheendresultsgetreallyoutoflinewiththebaselineplan,youmayhavetochangetheplan.Morelikely,therewillbe(orhavebeen)scopechangesthatchangethereferencebaselineswhichmeansthateverytimethathappensyouhavetochangethebaselineplananyway.Butprojectcostcontroli
4、salotmoredifficulttodoinpractice,asisevidencedbythenumberofprojectsthatfailtocontaincosts.Italsoinvolvesasignificantamountofwork,asweshallsee,andwemightaswellstartatthebeginning.Soletusfollowthethreadofprojectcostcontrolthroughtheentireprojectlifespan.And,whileweareatit,we
5、willtaketheopportunitytopointouttheproperplacesforseveralsignificantdocuments.TheseincludetheBusinessCase,theRequestfor(acapital)Appropriation(forexecution),WorkPackagesandtheWorkBreakdownStructure,theProjectCharter(orBrief),theProjectBudgetorCostPlan,EarnedValueandtheCost
6、word范文.Baseline.Allofthesecontributetotheorganization'sabilitytoeffectivelycontrolprojectcosts.FootnoteIamindebtedtomyfriendQuentinFleming,theguruofEarnedValue,forcheckingandcorrectingmyworkonthistopic.TheBusinessCaseandApplicationfor(execution)FundingItisimportanttonoteth
7、atprojectcostcontrolismosteffectivewhentheexecutivemanagementresponsiblehasagoodunderstandingofhowprojectsshouldunfoldthroughtheprojectlifespan.Thismeansthattheyexercisetheirresponsibilitiesatthekeydecisionpointsbetweenthemajorphases.Theymustalsorecognizetheimportanceofpro
8、jectriskmanagementforidentifyingandplanningtoheadoffatleastthemostobviouspotentialriskeve
