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1、5d591a735217e2edcc9e967d1d9039ea.doc-41-托福基础阅读415d591a735217e2edcc9e967d1d9039ea.doc-41-目录一.基本词法以介绍二.基本句型介绍三.非句子修饰成分介绍四.三大从句介绍五.其他语法以及修饰成分介绍六.复合句分析七.阅读文段讲解415d591a735217e2edcc9e967d1d9039ea.doc-41-一.基本句法概念介绍1.1主语:1.1.1名词e.g.1.1.2.动名词e.g.1.1.3.不定式e.g.1.1.
2、4.句子e.g.1.2谓语:1.2.1.及物动词e.g.1.2.2.不及物动词e.g.1.2.3.系动词e.g.1.2.4.情态动词e.g.1.2.5.助动词e.g.1.3宾语/表语:415d591a735217e2edcc9e967d1d9039ea.doc-41-1.3.1.名词e.g.1.3.2形容词e.g.1.3.3.不定式e.g.1.3.4.动名词e.g.1.3.5.句子e.g.1.4定语:1.4.1.名词e.g.1.4.2.形容词e.g.1.4.3.介词e.g.1.4.4.分词e.g.1.4
3、.5.不定式e.g.1.4.6.句子415d591a735217e2edcc9e967d1d9039ea.doc-41-e.g.1.5状语:1.5.1.副词e.g.1.5.2.介词短语e.g.1.5.3.分词e.g.1.5.4.不定式e.g.1.5.5.句子e.g.415d591a735217e2edcc9e967d1d9039ea.doc-41-二.五大基本句型2.1.主语+谓语(不及物动词)Theflowerblooms.Isometimesstayinbeduntillunchtime.Every
4、dayIthoughtaboutpostcards.2.2主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语WelearnTOEFL.IdidnotenjoytheatreIcouldnotheartheactorsIcouldnotbeartheloudnoiseinthehouse.PostcardsalwaysspoilmyholidaysIvisitedmuseumsandsatinpublicgardens.Ireadafewlines,butIdidnotunderstandaword.2.3主语+系动词+表语W
5、efeelwell/arepromisingstudents.Igotveryangry常见的系动词:be动词,feel,look,sound,smell等表示“感觉”的动词;become,go,get等表示“变成”类的动词;remain,stay等表示“保持,存在”的动词2.4主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语=主语+谓语+直接宾语+to(for,of,on)+间接宾语Hebuysmeabook.=Hebuysabookforme.415d591a735217e2edcc9e967d1d9039ea.do
6、c-41-AfriendlywaitertaughtmeafewwordsofItalianThenhelentmeabookMyholidayspassedquickly,butIdidnotsendcardstomyfriends.常见的动词:give,lend,send,show,offer,tell,sell,teach,write,bring,deliver(to),buy,make,get,choose,leave留下,order(for),ask(of)2.5主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语I
7、findthebookthere.当宾语补足语是宾语的“发出动作”者时,表示主动。Ifoundhimlaughing.当宾语补足语是宾语的“接受动作”者时,表示被动。Ihearmynamecalled.常见的此类动词:see,hear,feel,keep,leave,catch,find,make,have,get备注:1.只能接动名词作宾语的动词:admit,advise,advocate,risk,appreciate,envy,avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,e
8、njoy,escape,excuse,finish,forgive,understand,giveup,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practice,putoff,resist,suggest;can’thelp,can’tstand,devoteto,lookforwardto,stickto,beusedto,beaddictedto,objectto,giveup2.只能接不定式作宾语的动词:happen,offer