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1、2011托福基础阅读练习材料2011托福基础班阅读练习材料一、细节题APPLIEDARTSANDFINEARTSSculpturesmust,forexample,bestable,whichrequiresanunderstandingofthepropertiesofmass,weightdistribution,andstress.Paintingsmusthaverigidstretcherssothatthecanvaswillbetaut,andthepaintmustnotdeteriorate,crack,ordiscolor.Theseareproblemsthatmust
2、beovercomebytheartistbecausetheytendtointrudeuponhisorherconceptionofthework.Forexample,intheearlyItalianRenaissance,bronzestatuesofhorseswitharaisedforelegusuallyhadacannonballunderthathoof.Thiswasdonebecausethecannonballwasneededtosupporttheweightoftheleg.Inotherwords,thedemandsofthelawsofphysics
3、,notthesculptor'saestheticintentions,placedtheballthere.Thatthisdevicewasanecessarystructuralcompromiseisclearfromthefactthatthecannonballquicklydisappearedwhensculptorslearnedhowtostrengthentheinternalstructureofastatuewithironbraces(ironbeingmuchstrongerthanbronze).Q1:Accordingtoparagraph2,sculpt
4、orsintheItalianRenaissancestoppedusingcannonballsinbronzestatuesofhorsesbecause(A)Theybeganusingamaterialthatmadethestatuesweighless(B)Theyfoundawaytostrengthenthestatuesinternally(C)Theaesthetictastesofthepublichadchangedovertime(D)ThecannonballsaddedtoomuchweighttothestatuesLAKEBAIKALCrescent-sha
5、pedLakeBaikal,inSiberia,isonlytheninthlargestlakeinareaat385miles(650km)inlengthand46miles(74km)inwidth,yetitiseasilythelargestbodyoffreshwaterintheworld.Itholdsone-fifthoftheworld'stotalfreshwater,whichismorethanthetotalofallthewaterinthefiveGreatLakes;itholdssomuchfreshwaterinspiteofitsless-than-
6、impressiveareabecauseitisbyfartheworld'sdeepestlake.Theaveragedepthofthelakeis1,312feet(400meters)belowsealevel,andtheOlkhonCrevice,thelowestknownpoint,ismorethan5,250feet(1,600meters)deep.LakeBaikal,whichtodayislocatednearthecenteroftheAsianpeninsula,ismostlikelytheworld'soldestlake.Itbeganforming
7、25millionyearsagoasAsiastartedsplittingapartinaseriesofgreatfaults.TheBaikalValleydroppedaway,eventuallyfillingwithwaterandcreatingthedeepestoftheworld'slakes.Q2:Whatisstatedinparagraph1abouttheshapeofLakeB
