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1、托福阅读第二课4.reference指代题文章中指示词所指的对象，既可以是单独的名词，也可以是句子、文章等。难度不大，所以一不要丢分，二要节约时间基本题型构成：Thewordxxxinthepassagerefersto...Thephrasexxxinthepassagerefersto...CaseexampleReadthepassageandanswerthequestions.Photosynthesisistheprocessbywhichplantsandbacteriaproducethesustenancetheyneedinordertolive.Thiscomplex
2、phenomenoninvolvestheconversionoflightenergyderivedfromthesunintochemicalenergy.Whenlightenergyactsonthecarbondioxideandwaterthatplantsdrawinfromtheatmosphereandsoil,itcausesareactionthatalterstheirchemicalcomposition.Oneproductofthisreactionisthecreationofcarbohydrates,includingglucoseandstarch.A
3、notheristhereleaseofoxygen.Animallifeontheplanetreliesonbothoftheseproductsforsurvival.Oxygenisessentialforanimalrespiration,whilethecarbohydratesstoredinplantsprovidethebasisofthefoodchainuponwhichallanimalorganismsdepend.lThewordtheirinthepassagereferstoA.plantsandbacteriaB.carbondioxideandwater
4、C.atmosphereandsoilD.glucoseandstarchlThewordAnotherinthepassagereferstoA.conversionoflightenergyB.chemicalcompositionC.creationofcarbohydratesD.productofthisreactionCliffsarelarge,verticalrockfacescommonlyfoundinmountainranges,oncoastlinesandinrivervalleys.Manycliffsareformedeitherbytheimpactofwa
5、vesorflowingrivers,orthroughasuddenlandslidecausedbygeologicalactivity.However,glacialicehascreatedsomeofthelargestclifffacesonEarth,includingMountThoronBaffinIsland,whichfeaturesaverticaldropofover1,250meters.lThewordwhichinthepassagereferstoAEarthBglacialiceCMountThorDBaffinIsland例题分析：1.指示代词：最常见
6、的题型；所有的指示代词都会出现，特别是指代人的they,their,them等和指代物的it,its出现的次数比较多。2.不定代词：another/some/any/all/both3.关系代词：此类题型中，先行词就是指代对象，但在先行词和关系代词之间会插入一些词句，注意不要将二者弄混。However,glacialicehascreatedsomeofthelargestclifffacesonEarth,includingMountThoronBaffinIsland,whichfeaturesaverticaldropofover1,250meters.Smartsolution:阅
7、读中理解指示词的意义是解决问题的关键仔细查看指示词所在的句子或者其前面的句子1.指代对象出现在指示词句子内部（概率很高）Whenlightenergyactsonthecarbondioxideandwaterthatplantsdrawinfromtheatmosphereandsoil,itcausesareactionthatalterstheirchemicalcomposition.However,glacia
