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1、习题一答案1.求下列复数的实部、虚部、模、幅角主值及共轭复数:1i(1)(2)32+i(1ii−)(2−)13i821(3)−(4)−ii+−4iii1−13−2i解:(1)z==,32+i1332因此:Rezz=,Im=−,13131232zzz==,arg−=arctan,+i1331313ii−3+i(2)z===,(ii−−1)(2)13−i1031因此,Rezz=−=,Im,10101131zz==,argπ−=arctan,z−−i103101013ii3335−−i(3)zi=−=−+=,ii12−235因此,Rezz=,Im=−,3234535+izzz
2、==,arg−=arctan,232821(4)ziii=−+41−=−+−=−+41ii3i因此,Rezz=−=1,Im3,zz==10,argπ−=arctan3,z−13−i2.将下列复数化为三角表达式和指数表达式:(1)i(2)−+13i(3)ri(sinθ+cos)θ(4)ri(cosθ−sin)θ(5)1c−osθ+≤isin(0θθ≤2)ππππi2解:(1)ii=+=cossine22222πi2(cossin)23(2)−+13i=+=ππie33πππ()−θi2(3)ri(sinθ+cos)θ=−rir[cos(θθ)+−sin()]=e22−θi
3、(4)ri(cosθ−sin)θ=−ri[cos(θθ)+−sin()]=re2θθθ(5)1cos−+=θθiisin2sin+2sincos222π−θθπ−−θπθθi=+=22sin[cosiesin]2sin22223.求下列各式的值:5100100(1)(3)−i(2)(1++−ii)(1)2(1−+3)(cosiiθsin)θ(cos5ϕ+isin5)ϕ(3)(4)3(1−−ii)(cosθsin)θ(cos3ϕ−isin3)ϕ3(5)i(6)1+i5ππ5解:(1)(3)−i=−[2(cos()+−isin())]66555ππ=−2(cos()+iis
4、in(−=))−16(3+)6610010050505051(2)(1++−ii)(1)=(2)ii+−(2)=−2(2)=−2(1−+3)(cosiiθsin)θ(3)(1−−ii)(cosθsin)θππ2[cos(−+−)iisin()](cosθθ+sin)33=ππ2[cos(−)+−iisin()][cos(−+−θ)sin(θ)]44ππ=−2[cos()+iisin(−)](cos2θ+sin2)θ1212πππ(2θ−)i=−2[cos(2)+iesin(2)−]2=12θθ12122(cos5ϕ+isin5)ϕ(4)3(cos3ϕ−isin3)ϕco
5、s10ϕ+isin10ϕ==cos19ϕ+isin19ϕcos(9)−+−ϕϕisin(9)ππ33(5)i=+cosisin22⎧31⎪+ik,=022⎪11ππ⎪31=+cos(2)skiπ++in(2)kπ=⎨−+ik,=13232⎪22⎪−ik,=2⎪⎩ππ(6)1+i=+2(cosisin)44π⎧i4811ππ⎪2,ek=04=+2[cos(2kiπ)+sin(+2kπ)]=⎨2424π⎪i48⎩−2,ek1=1+iz14.设zz==,3−i,试用三角形式表示zz与12122z2ππππ解:ziz=+cossin,=−2[cos()+−isin()],所以1
6、24466ππππππzz=−2[cos()+−iisin()]=+2(cossin),1246461212z111ππππ5π5π=+[cos()++iisin()]=+(cossin)z246462121225.解下列方程:544(1)()zi+=1(2)za+=>0(a0)5解:(1)zi+=1,由此2kiπ55zi=−=−1ei,(k=0,1,2,3,4)4444(2)zaa=−=(cosπ+isin)π11=+ak[cos(2)sπππ++iin(2)kπ],当k=0,1,2,3时,对应的444aaaa个根分别为:(1+−iii),(1+−),(1−),(1−
7、i)2222xy+6.证明下列各题:(1)设zxi=+y,则≤zxy≤+222证明:首先,显然有zxyx=+≤+y;22222其次,因x+≥yx2y,固此有2(x+≥+yx)(y),x+y22从而zxy=+≥。2222(2)对任意复数zz,,有zzzz+=++2Re(zz)1212121222证明:验证即可,首先左端=+++()xxy(y),12122222而右端=++++xyxy2Re[(xi+yxi)(−y)]11221122222222=++++xyxy2(xxy+y)=+++()xxy(y),112212121212由此,左端=右