1、被动语态的基本用法一. 何时使用被动语态1.不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要如：Paper is made from wood.The house is quite old. It was built in 1950.He was wounded in the fight.2. 需要强调动作的承受者时如：Calwlator can't be used in the maths exam.Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn't be taken away.He was awarded
2、 first prize in that contest.3为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。如：The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month.Electricity is used to run machines.二. 被动语态的构成1. be+done 可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构形式。被动语态中，done可以带by短语，而系表结构中done相当于adj. 不
3、带 by短语。如：The question is settled. (系表结构)Such questions are settled by us. (被动语态)The composition is well written. (系表结构) The composition is written with great care . (被动语态)The job was well done. (系表结构)The job was well done by a skilled worker. (被动语态)2. 许多verbs(broken, int
4、erested, shut, worried), 既可以用做adj.也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词。句中如果有by，通常是被动语态。如：I was worried abeutyou all night. (表状态)I was worried by mosquitoes all night. (表动作)The glass was broken by Jack. (表动作)The glass is broken. (表状态)I was frightened by his ghost story.She was frightened at t
5、he sight of a snake.三. 不同形式的被动语态1. 含有直宾和间宾的主动结构，变为被动时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语。如：He showed me his pictures.I was shown his pictures by him.His pictures were shown to me by him.Aunt made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by aunt.A new dress was made for m
6、e by aunt.He sent me a birthday present.I was sent a birthday present by him.A birthday present was sent to me by him.2含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。（1）将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。如：They call her XiaoLi. She is called XiaoLi. He left the door open. The door war left open by him.（2）make, l
7、et, have,hear, watch, see, feel, notice. help既动词后变做宾补的不定式一般不加to，变为被动，必须加to .如：My brother often made me do this and that when I was young.I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I young.I heard her move about in her room upstairs last night.She was heard to
8、 move about in her room uptairs last night.Did you see Jack take away the magazine?Was Jack seen
