被动语态的基本用法

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1、被动语态的基本用法一.何时使用被动语态  1.不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要  如：Paperismadefromwood.  Thehouseisquiteold.Itwasbuiltin1950.  Hewaswoundedinthefight.  2.需要强调动作的承受者时  如：Calwlatorcan'tbeusedinthemathsexam.  Booksandnewspapersinthereadingroommustn'tbetakenaway.  Hewasawardedfirstprizeintha

2、tcontest.  3为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。  如：Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.  Electricityisusedtorunmachines.  二.被动语态的构成  1.be+done可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构形式。被动语态中，done可以带by短语，而系表结构中done相当于adj.不带by短语。  如：Thequestionisse

3、ttled.(系表结构)  Suchquestionsaresettledbyus.(被动语态)  Thecompositioniswellwritten.(系表结构)  Thecompositioniswrittenwithgreatcare.(被动语态)  Thejobwaswelldone.(系表结构)  Thejobwaswelldonebyaskilledworker.(被动语态)  2.许多verbs(broken,interested,shut,worried),既可以用做adj.也可以在被动语态结构中做过去

4、分词。句中如果有by，通常是被动语态。  如：Iwasworriedabeutyouallnight.(表状态)  Iwasworriedbymosquitoesallnight.(表动作)  TheglasswasbrokenbyJack.(表动作)  Theglassisbroken.(表状态)  Iwasfrightenedbyhisghoststory.  Shewasfrightenedatthesightofasnake.  三.  不同形式的被动语态  1.含有直宾和间宾的主动结构，变为被动时，可将其中一个宾

5、语变为主语，另一个不动一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语。  如：Heshowedmehispictures.  Iwasshownhispicturesbyhim.  Hispictureswereshowntomebyhim.  Auntmademeanewdress.  Iwasmadeanewdressbyaunt.  Anewdresswasmadeformebyaunt.  Hesentmeabirthdaypresent.  Iwassentabirthdaypresentbyhim.  Abirthda

6、ypresentwassenttomebyhim.  2含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。  （1）将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。  如：TheycallherXiaoLi.    SheiscalledXiaoLi.  Heleftthedooropen.    Thedoorwarleftopenbyhim.  （2）make,let,have,hear,watch,see,feel,notice.help既动词后变做宾补的不定式一般不加to，变为被动，必须加to.  如：Mybrotheroftenmademedothis

7、andthatwhenIwasyoung.  IwasoftenmadetodothisandthatbymybrotherwhenIyoung.  Iheardhermoveaboutinherroomupstairslastnight.  Shewasheardtomoveaboutinherroomuptairslastnight.  DidyouseeJacktakeawaythemagazine?  WasJackseentotakeawaythemagazine?  3.情态动词的被动语态。是由情态V+be+p

8、.p.构成  如：Theycannotfindhim.  Hecannotbefound.  Youmustpaymeforthis.  Imustbepaidforthis.  Hecanrepairyourwatch.  Yourwatchcanberepaired.  4.短语V的被动语态  一般