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1、会话原则下的文化因素Abstract:Therearesomeconversationalprinciplesnecessaryforasuccessfulconversation.OneistheCooperativePrincipleoffourmaxims.Violatinganyoneofthefourmaximsplicatures;theotheristhePolitenessPrinciple,proposedtorescuetheCooperativePrinciple.Todraaticimplica
2、tionsfromtheviolationoftheCooperativePrincipleisofnodifferencebetaximsoftheCooperativePrincipleandthisisduetodifferentculturalbackground.Chinese-styledpolitenessischaracterizedbyfouraspects:respectfulness,modesty,attitudinalthandrefinement.Language,asaspecialfor
3、mofmunication,maybevie,asavehicleforculturaltransmission.Itdoesnotexistapartfromculture.Thus,languageandculturalareinteractiveandunderstandingofonerequiresunderstandingoftheother.Tobetterachievethemunicativegoal,itisnecessarytochoosetheappreciatestancesandcultur
4、alfactorsplaysanimportantroleinusinglanguageeffectively.Keyormorecontinuouslythantheirlanguage—theyhavetomunicatebyspeaking,listening,readingandunication,itisnodoubtthatspeechenjoysprioritynotonlybecauseitprecedessofevolution,butalargeamountofmunicationiscarried
5、outinconversationasedtobecarriedoutby“turn-taking”andthusthemeaningsoftheutteranceareexpressedaccordingly.Hoplyinterpretingthesurfacemeaningsoftheeanmoreinaroundaboutplepusatnoon:Devin:eisit?Jakie:Thestudentsaregoingtothedininghall.Here,Jakie’sanstomakesenseonth
6、efaceofit,butitisstillanadequateansebyinterpretingorguessingoresheknoorequalifiedherguessallyinconversationalinteraction,peopleptionthatacertainsetofrulesisinoperation,unlesstheyreceiveindicationstothecontrary.Forexample,ifJakiegivesthesameansunicationbreakdoati
7、onfromeachother.Inothertoachieveacertaingoal.Therefore,peopleareexpectedtobecooperateduringaconversation,andsuchcooperativemechanismshaveverylittletodoantics,butaregroundedinsomepragmaticprinciples,especiallytheCooperativePrinciple.In1967,AmericanphilosopherH.P.
8、Griceputforaxims:QuantityMaxim:Makeyourcontributionasinformativeasisrequired,butnotmore,orless,thanisrequired.QualityMaxim:Donotsaythat:Berelevant.MannerMaxim:Beclear
