资源描述：
《construction noise exposure, effects, and the potential for 建筑施工噪声暴露，影响，以及潜在的》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、ConstructionNoise:Exposure,Effects,andthePotentialforRemediation;AReviewandAnalysis (TakenfromAIHAJournal(63)November/December2002)AliceH.SuterAmericanIndustrialHygieneAssociationMorethanone-halfmillionconstructionworkersareexposedtopotentiallyhazardouslevelso
2、fnoise,yetfederalandstateOccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration(OSHA)programsprovidelittleincentivetoprotectthemagainstnoise-inducedhearingloss.Constructionnoiseregulationslackthespecificityofgeneralindustrynoiseregulations.Inaddition,problemsthatcharacteri
3、zetheconstructionindustry,suchasworkermobilityandthelargeproportionofsmallbusinesses,makeimplementinghearingconservationmeasuresmoredifficult.Theapparentseverityofexposuredependsgreatlyonthemeasurementmethod,withthe3-dBexchangeratealmostalwaysshowinghigheraver
4、ageexposurelevelsthanthe5-dB(OSHA)rule.Constructionworkersdemonstratehearingthresholdlevelsthatgenerallyconformtothoseexpectedinmanufacturing.Theprevalenceofhearingprotectiondevice(HPD)useamongU.S.constructionworkersisverypoor,partlybecauseofperceiveddifficult
5、iesinhearingandunderstandingspeechcommunicationandwarningsignals.Inaddition,maskingbynoiseofnecessarycommunicationandwarningsignalsisofparticularconcerninconstruction,whererecentresearchdemonstratedtheassociationbetweenfatalitiesandthefailuretohearreversealarm
6、s.JudicialuseofHPDsisoftheutmostimportance,alongwithavoidingoverattenuation,selectingHPDswithuniformattenuation,andusingnoise-attenuatingcommunicationsystemswhenpossible.AsuccessfulhearingconservationprograminBritishColumbiacanserveasamodelfortheUnitedStates,w
7、ithalong-standingpositivesafetyculture,ahighpercentageofHPDuse,improvementinaveragehearingthresholdlevelsoverthelastdecade,andacentralizedrecord-keepingprocedure,whichhelpssolvetheproblemofworkermobility.However,controllingconstructionnoiseatthesourceisthemost
8、reliablewaytoprotectworkerhearing.USmanufacturersandcontractorsshouldbenefitfromtheactivitiesoftheEuropeanCommunity,wherenoisecontrolandproductlabelinginconstructionhasbeencarriedo
