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1、AMERICANACADEMYOFPEDIATRICSTECHNICALREPORTKatherineM.Shea,MD,MPH,andtheCommitteeonEnvironmentalHealthPediatricExposureandPotentialToxicityofPhthalatePlasticizersABSTRACT.Phthalatesareplasticizersthatareaddedoils,fixatives,anddetergentsandinproductssuchastopo
2、lyvinylchloride(PVC)productstoimpartflexibilitycosmeticsandwoodfinishes.2Phthalatesarenotco-anddurability.Theyareproducedinhighvolumeandvalentlyboundtotheplasticmatrixandleachoutofgenerateextensivethoughpoorlydefinedhumanexpo-PVCwhentheycomeincontactwithlipo
3、philicsub-suresanduniquechildhoodexposures.Phthalatesarestances.Inaddition,theyarereleaseddirectlyintoanimalcarcinogensandcancausefetaldeath,malforma-theenvironmentduringproductionanduseandaf-tions,andreproductivetoxicityinlaboratoryanimals.terdisposalofPVCa
4、ndotherphthalate-containingToxicityprofilesandpotencyvarybyspecificphthalate.Theextentofthesetoxicitiesandtheirapplicabilitytoproducts.Phthalatesbioaccumulateininvertebrates,humansremainsincompletelycharacterizedandcontro-fish,andplantsbutdonotbiomagnify,bec
5、auseversial.Twophthalates,diethylhexylphthalate(DEHP)higheranimalsefficientlymetabolizeandexcreteanddiisononylphthalate(DINP),havereceivedconsid-phthalates.Theyareubiquitouscontaminantsinerableattentionrecentlybecauseofspecificconcernsfood,indoorair,soils,an
6、dsediments.3aboutpediatricexposures.Likeallphthalates,DEHPandDINPareubiquitouscontaminantsinfood,indoorair,HumanExposuresoils,andsediments.DEHPisusedintoysandmedicalLevelsofhumanexposureareestimatedonthedevices.DINPisamajorplasticizerusedinchildren’stoys.bas
7、isofannualproductionvolumesandusagepat-Scientificpanels,advocacygroups,andindustryternsofphthalate-containingproductsaswellasen-groupshaveanalyzedtheliteratureonDEHPandDINPvironmentalmonitoringdata,dietarysurveys,andandhavecometodifferentconclusionsaboutthei
8、rmathematicalmodelingofhumanactivitypatterns.safety.ThecontroversyexistsbecauserisktohumansTheseexposureestimatesareimpreciseandsubjectmustbeextrapolatedfromanimaldatathatdemonstratetoerror.Envi
