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压轴题05七选五该题型的阅读材料长度为300词左右，主要以说明文为主。文中有五处空白，文后有七个选项，要求考生从短文后的七个选项中选出五个能填入文章空白处的最佳选项。该题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和前后文联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析和理解长难句的能力。文章的体裁以说明文为主，注重选取贴近生活，新颖的，时代感强的材料。其他文体为辅。单纯以时间或事件为线索的记叙文不利于考查逻辑思维能力，出现的次数较少。文中的五处空白一般分布于各个段落的段首、段中或段尾。其选项一般分为四类:主题概句、过渡句(反映文章结构)、细节理解句(反映上下文逻辑关系)、结论句。多余两个选项也往往从这四个方面设置，例如题概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡句不能反映文章的行文结构，节理解句与上下文脱节等。根据试题所在的不同位置确定不同的解题策略1.如果空白在段首(1)通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关词，从而推断出主题句。(2)与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文的第一、二句，锁定线索词，然后在选项中查找相关词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的。(3)段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望，阅读上一段的结尾部分，并结合下一段的内容，将所选的答案代入，看其是否能承上启下，将两段内容连起来。2.如果空白在段尾(1)重点阅读空白前的一两句以锁定关键词。(2)通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，选项中也可发现前文的同义词、句。(3)与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。(4)与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是要补全说明本段主题的其他细节，在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他线索。前句与正确答案的第一句是紧密相连的，要特别注意阅读这样相连的两句。(5)所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。(6)如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。
13.如果空白构成一整个自然段 (1)这个段落应该起承上启下的作用，而且自成一体，即有一个段落的中心，因此可重点阅读较长的选项，以此类推，直至找到正确答案。 (2)着重阅读前一段结尾和后一段开头的一两句，寻找相关的线索，而且重要线索通常会在后一段开头，因此后一段开头往往比前一段结尾更重要。 (3)分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意段落间的衔接手段。将选项代入原文，如果前后内容连贯，符合逻辑，即为正确答案。（2023·山东潍坊·统考模拟预测）Ifyoustrugglewithanxiety,youareprobablyhopingforatipthatyoucanuserightnow.____1____Manypeoplefeelthiswayatthebeginningoftherapy.ThatiswhyIalwaysteachpeoplethisfirstskillasearlyaspossible.____2____Attheveryleast,itpreventsanxietyfromdevelopingintopanic.Whenanxietyistriggered(触发),youstartbreathingmorequickly.Thisisyourbody’swayofgettinginextraoxygentofuelthesurvivalresponse.____3____Soyoubreathefasterwithrapid,shallowbreaths,thenyouhaveanexcessofoxygeninyoursystem.Butifyoucanextendtheout-breathsothatitislongerormorevigorousthantheinbreath,thishelpstoslowyourheartratedown.____4____Somepeopleliketocountthebreathswhendoinganextendedoutbreath,suchbreathinginforacountof7andoutforacountof11,oravariationthatworksforyou.Takingsometimetopractiseslowbreathingtechniquesisagreatinvestmentoftime.____5____Youcandoitanywhere,anytimeandnobodyevenneedstoknowyouaredoingit.A．Oneofmyfavoritesissquarebreathing.B．Youfeelasthoughyoucannotcatchyourbreath.C．Somethingeasytolearnthatwillhaveinstanteffect.D．Anothertoolthathasalmostinstanteffectsisexercise.E．It’sananxietymanagementtoolthatworksinthemoment.F．Whenthepoundingheartcomesdown,sodoestheanxietyresponse.G．Itiseasytolearnandtakesafewminutestobringdowntheintensityofanxiety.（2023·辽宁丹东·统考一模）HowtoWorkOutYourWorriesbyWritingSomethingtroublingyou?Youshouldwriteaboutit!Researchindicatesthatpeoplewhowriteabouta
2difficultsituationoftenshowimprovedmentalandphysicalhealth.___6___.Itisaspecifictechnique,andit’sdifferentfromwritinginajournal.Theideaistoreflecthonestlyandthoughtfullyonaparticularchallenge.Hundredsofstudiesoverseveraldecadeshavelookedatthepotentialbenefitsofexpressivewriting.Itcanstrengthentheimmunesystem,includingforpeoplewithillnessessuchasflu,canceranddepression.___7___Expressivewritingworksbecauseitallowsyoutomakemeaningoutofapainfulexperience,expertssay.___8___Thentranslatingthatexperienceintolanguageforcesyoutoorganizeyourthoughts.Andcreatinganarrativegivesyouasenseofcontrol.Butexpressivewritingisn’tamagicalcure-allsolution.___9___.Andpeoplecopingwithasevereinjuryordepressionmaynotfinditusefultodoontheirown,withouttherapy(治疗).___10___?Thinkingortalkingaboutaneventcanleadtoreflecting,whereyoubecomelostinyouremotions.Writingforcesyoutoslowdown.Themereactoflabelingafeeling—ofputtingwordstoanemotion—canlessenthenervousactivityinthethreatareaofthebrain.Writingcanincreasesomeone’sacceptanceofhisexperience,andacceptanceiscalming.A．WhywriteB．Whatifyoudon’twriteC．Itcanalsohelpimprovemood,sleepandmemoryD．ExpressivewritinggavepeoplethecouragetofacefearsE．Itshouldn’tbeusedasareplacementforothertreatmentsF．ThefirstimportantstepistorecognisewhatitisthatisbotheringyouG．Psychologistsrefertowritingaboutanunpleasantexperienceas“expressivewriting”（2023·河北唐山·统考一模）Haveyouhadameltdownlately?Anemotionalmeltdownisn’texactlyamedicaldisease.___11___It’sapopulartermusedtodescribeasituationwhereweareovercomeemotionallyofhitabreakingpoint.Howdoyoufeelafteryou’vehadameltdown?Doyoufeelembarrassedaboutyourbehavior?___12___Anoccasionalmeltdowndoesn’tmeansomethingis“wrong”withyou.Itmayjustbeanindicatorofachallengingtimeforyou.Whilemostpeoplewouldratherforgetameltdownasquicklyaspossible,itcanbealearningexperience.Ifyoufeelembarrassedaboutrevealingyouremotionsinpublic,youmightexaminehowyoufeelaboutyourfeelings.Whyisn’titokayforyoutobeangry,ortobesad,ortoneedsomethingfromsomeoneelse?___13___So,bekindtoyourself.
3Ifyourmeltdowninvolvedraisingyourvoiceatotherpeopleorbehaviorlikethrowinganobjectinthepresenceofothers,apologizeandcomeupwithaplantomanageyouremotionsdifferentlythenexttimeyou’reupsetorstressed.Ifyoufindthistypeofbehavioriscommonforyouandyou’rehavingdifficultymanagingitonyourown,considerreachingtoapsychologist.___14___Itdamagesanotherperson’sattitudeandeatsintotheirhealth.___15___Yourexperienceservesabasisforreflection.Bekindtoyourselfandfindsomehelpfulwaystodealwithmeltdowns:A．Itcanhappentoanyone.B．Areyouahappyperson?C．Learnfromeverymeltdown.D．Therearesomenegativeeffectsaboutmeltdown,E．Shamingyourselfaboutyouremotionisnothelpful.F．Areyouanxiousaboutpossibleconsequencesforyouroutburst?G．Havinganemotionalmeltdownisneveranexcuseforabusivebehavior.（2023·江苏·统考二模）Conscious(有意识的)livingisnotjustatrend.____16____Itisaboutbeingintentionalwitheverythingyoudo—yourwords,actions,beliefs,habits,andchoices.Acceptingconsciouslivingtakessomeeffort,butitisworthwhile.Herearesomewaysyoucanachievethisgoal.●Beconsciousaboutyourtime.Timeisthemostpreciousthingbecausethereisnowaytoliveamomentagain.____17____Ifyouwasteyourprecioushoursdoingnegativethings,youwillregretitlater.Thefirststepforlivingconsciouslyistobewiseaboutyourtime.Beselectiveaboutthingsyouspenditon,andallocate(分配)itforpositiveactivities.●____18____Youcannotachievethemunlessyouunderstandyourneedsandintentions.Itiseasiersaidthandonebecausemostpeoplefailtomakeanefforttoknowthemselves.Spendtimethinkingoverandknowingyourstrengthsandweaknesses.Onceyouknowyourselfbetter,youcancreateaplantoworktowardsbecomingmorepatient,honest,andforgiving.●Learntobegrateful.Gratitudetakesyoualongwaytowardsconsciousliving.Itopensyouuptoahappierandafulfilledmindset.Mostpeopleareunhappybecausetheyseeonlythenegativesinlife.However,everyonehassomethingtobegratefulfor.Writingagratitudejournalisagoodstartforcountingyourblessings.____19____●Believeinyourself.
4Itisthekeytomakingtherightchoices,yetnotregrettingthewrongones.____20____Spendingtimealoneandthinkingdeeplyareeffectivemeasuresthatenableyoutoidentifytheinnervoice.Careforitandfollowittomakeitstrongerdowntheline.Consciouslivingisaskillyouneedtolearnasyougo,sobewillingtomaketheeffortandmasterit.Youwillabsorbitsoonandbeahappierpersoninthelongrun.A．Knowyourselfbetter.B．Acceptthepersonyouare.C．Lifecanbealotbetterwiththerightdecisions.D．Itisahealthychoicethatenablesyoutobehappy.E．Pickitasadailyhabit,andyouwillnoticethedifference.F．Thewayyouspendyourtimedeterminesthecourseofyourlife.G．Thebestwaytobuildself-beliefisbyreflectingonyourownthoughts.（2023·山东泰安·统考一模）Whenwe’rebored,mostofusendupbeinggluedtoaphone.Thatmighteaseourboredom.____21____Thattimecould’vebeenspentonadifferent,morevaluableactivity.Thefollowingwillhelpeaseyourboredom,andteachyoutousetimemoreproductively.Reading.____22____That’sbecausetheywereforcedtoreadatschool.Butwhenyouhavetheoptiontochoosewhichbookyou’regoingtoread,youcanunderstandwhyit’senjoyable.Notonlycanithelpeaseyourboredom,it’salsooneofthebestwaystoexpandyourknowledge.____23____Peopleoftenforgetwhythey’repursingsomethinginthefirstplace.Somemaynotevenbesurewhatthey’resupposedtobedoingintheirdailylife.Thislackofdirectionthenoftenshowsupasboredom.That’swhyhavinggoalsisimportant.Exercise.Exerciseisgoodandshouldbedonefrequently.____24____Mostpeoplewhoexercisedoittolookbetterinthemirror.Butthere’sanotherreasonwhyyoushouldexercise,itimprovesourbrainfunction.Cleaningupyourroom.Takealookaroundrightnow.Chancesarethatthespaceyou’rein,isfarfromclean.However,youhavetochangethat,asourphysicalenvironmenthasahugeimpactonourcognition,behavioranddecisionmaking.____25____Butonceweremoveallthisvisualmessfromourenvironment,we’reabletofocusandprocessinformationmuchbetter.
5A．Pursuingadream.B．Planningandgoalsetting.C．Butthere’sanopportunitycost.D．Mostpeopleonlydoreadingafterschool.E．Butforsomereason,noteveryonedoesit.F．Whenoursurroundingsareamess,soarewe.G．Mostpeopledon’treadanythingafterthey’vefinishedschool.（2023·湖北·华中师大一附中校考二模）Likeitorloveit,socialmediaisamajorpartoflife.Teensspendmorethanhalfoftheirwakinghoursonline.Theyusesomeofthattimetopostpicturesandcreateprofilesonsocialmediaaccounts.____26____Clickingonathumbs-uporahearticonisaneasywaytostayintouch.____27____Somesocialmediasitesusethoselikestodeterminehowmanypeopleeventuallyseeapost.Onewithmanylikesismorelikelytobeseen-andtogetevenmorelikes.What’smore,viewingpostswithalotoflikesactivatestherewardsysteminourbrain.____28____Forexample,postsrelatedtoalcoholmayencourageteenstodrink.Thatmeansthatwhatyoulikeonlinehasthepowertoinfluencenotjustwhatotherslike,butevenwhattheydo.____29____Andnotalwaysinagoodway.Forexample,inone2011study,teensdoingadrivingtaskinalabtookmoreriskswhentheirfriendswerearound.Researchersalsolookedattheteens’brainsduringthistask.Theysawactivityinapartofthebrainthat’sinvolvedinrewards,whichsuggeststheteenswerechangingtheirbehaviortotrytogetsocialapproval.Joiningsocialmediacangivepeopleasenseofbeingintheknow.Butpostsmayexaggerate(夸大)howwellourfriendsandothersarefeeling,makingthemappearmuchhappierthanweare.____30____A．Itcanalsolowertheviewer’sself-control.B．Apopularpostdoesn’tnecessarilymeanitisaqualitypost.C．It’snosurprise:Feedbackfrompeersaffectshowteensbehave.D．Theirbrainsrespondtothoselikesbyturningontherewardcenter.E．Andthatcan,inappropriately,makeusfeellesssuccessfulthanthem.F．Butthose“likes”canhavepowerthatgoesbeyondasimpleconnection.G．Mostofwhattheydoisreadandrespondtopostsbyfriendsandfamily.（2023·湖北·校联考二模）Ifyou’vehadabadnight’ssleep,oryou’vejustgottoomuchtodo,thelastthingyouwanttobetoldisto“bepositive!”____31____.
6Ofcourse,developingapositiveattitudeiseasiersaidthandone-itdoesn’tcomenaturallytoeveryone.Whenyou’refeelingdown,itishardtobeoptimistic.Butastudyhasfoundthatpeoplewhoareoptimistsaremorelikelytolivelongerthanthosewhohaveamorenegativeapproachtolife.So,maybeonceyouthinkofalongerlife,____32____Thestudyconcludedthatoptimistsmayfinditeasiertocontrolemotionsandgetlessstressed.Andasstressimpactsontheimmunesystem,____33____.ProfessorLewinaLeefromBostonUniversitysaid:“Ourfindingsspeaktothepossibilitythatraisinglevelsofoptimismmaypromotelongevityandhealthyaging.”Andsheadvisesthatpessimistscouldbenefitfromdoingthingslikeimaginingafuturewhereeverythingturnsoutwell.Butifyou’rea‘glasshalfempty’typeofperson,couldseeingtheworldthroughrose-tintedglassesworkforyou?Everybeanhasitsblack.____34____Somepeoplesayit’sbesttocelebratethepositivesandignorethenegativepartsofourlives.____35____.VickiSiskasays“Musicfeedsmysoul,asenseofhumourkeepsthingsinperspective”.PippaKennedysays“beinggratefulforwhatyouhave!”Otherpeoplerecommenddoingyogaandmeditationaswellasstayingfittohelpmaintainapositiveoutlookonlife.A．AcceptingthishelpsuscontrolouremotionsB．AcceptitandmakeeffortstoimproveyourselfC．it’spossiblethatoptimistsbetterhandleinfectionsD．ButhavingthismindsetcouldhavemanybenefitsE．ButitcouldhelpyouhaveapositiveoutlookonlifeF．itmightencourageyoutohaveamorehopefuloutlookonlifeG．Peoplehavetheirpersonaladviceonkeepingapositiveapproachtolife（2023·湖南岳阳·统考二模）YourBrainWasMadeForWalkingIfapresident,alegendaryphilosopher,andoneofthebestsellingauthorsofalltimecreditedthesamesecretfortheirsuccess,wouldyoutrytofollowittoo?Whatifthesecretwassomethingyoualreadyknewhowtodo?___36___.Getwalking!It’snotjustsomepeoplewhomadeacaseforitasaprimecreativitybooster.___37___AStanfordUniversitystudyfoundthatparticipantswere81percentmorecreativewhenwalkingasopposedtositting.Accordingtothestudy,walkingoutside-versusonatreadmill-producesthemostnovelandhighestqualityanalogiesinparticipantswhowalkedandthensatdowntodocreativework.Themovementaspectofwalkingisobviouslykey.You’veprobablyheardthephraseExerciseyourcreativity,whichreferstothebrainasmuscle.Ourcreativemindsetisstimulatedbyphysicalmovement.
7___38___Butthesceneryisalmostasimportantasthesweat.TheNationalHumanActivityPatternSurveyrevealsthatAmericansspend87percentoftheirtimeindoors.Beinginside,you’remorelikelytostagnation,theantithesisofenergy.Withoutenergy,youcan’twonderorcreate.___39___Justbygoingoutside,youaresteppingoutofyourhabitualsurroundingsandyourcomfortzone,whichisnecessaryifyouwanttoopenyourmindtonewpossibilities.___40___Engagemorecloselywithyoursurroundingsforthenextfourweeks.Turnoffyourphoneandgiveyourselfthechancetobepresentintheworld,tohearconversationsandnaturalsounds,tonoticethewaypeoplemove.Walknotjustforexercise.Walkforwonder.A．Physicalmovementisunintentional.B．Infact,youprobablydoiteveryday.C．Sowhynotsetacreativitygoalthatstartswithwalking?D．Thatiswhywalking-withafriend,oralone-feedscreativethinking.E．Interruptingyourroutinewithawalkcanproducefreshideasforproblems.F．Researchershavetracedconnectionsbetweenwalkingandgeneratingideas.G．Disconnectingfrommultimediaincreasesperformanceonallproblem-solvingtasks.（2023·山西太原·统考一模）Museumsbecomethenextstopmanystudentswanttovisitattheirleisure.____41____However,theexperienceofvisitingamuseumcouldbequitedisappointingifnotdoneright,evenfortheexperiencedmuseumgoers.____42____.Nomatterhowmuchyou’reenjoyingyourself,manymuseumscantakehours,days,orevenweekstofullyexplore.Ifyoutrytoputitallin,youwillgetwornouttothepointthatyouwon’treallybeseeinganything.Pickafewpaintingsandexploretheminadetailedway,andyourmuseumexperiencewillbemorerelaxing.Haveyoueverstartedyourvisitbywaitinginlineinfrontofthemuseumforafewhoursjusttogetin?Andthat’sthesadrealitywhenvisitingmanyofthoseworld-famousmuseums.Thus,besmarttobrowsetheinstructionsforvisitingandbookinadvanceonline.____43____.Whatifyoudon’tlikesomemuseums?Thendon’tvisitthem!I’mnotamassivefanofparks,soIwouldhardlyeverendupinanyparkwhiletravelling.____44____Dotheyhaveanicecollectionofanartstyleyoulove?Justaskyourselfandvisitthemuseumwebsitetoseewhatthehighlightsare.Thereisnothingworsethanimpolitemannerswhilevisiting.We’veallwitnessedthatguybeingyelledatbythesecurityfortouchingortakingflashphotos.____45____.Otherwise,notonlywillyouabsolutelyget
8embarrassedbysecurityguards,butyoucanactuallyruinartworks!Allofthesegroundrulesareoftenneglectedbyus.Beartheminmindbeforesettingoff,andyouwillenjoyyourmuseumtour!A．It’sthesamewiththemuseumsB．ButmostofthemdoitallwrongC．Ifyouhaven’t,don’tletitbeyouD．ThatwayyoucanhaveaneasyaccessE．ThefirststepistoresearchhowtoenjoyeverythingF．SometimesyoumaysighmuseumtirednessisarealthingG．Generally,thereisnorightorwrongwaytovisitamuseum（2023·河北·校联考模拟预测）Peoplewithsatisfyingrelationshipsandpositiveemotionslivehealthierandlonger.___46___Emotionregulationimproveswithage.Weseeimprovementformostpeople,butnotforeveryone.Whysomepeopledonotexperiencetheseimprovements?MostofthepeopleinthesestudiesarepeoplefromWesternrichsocieties.___47___Andmostofthemaremiddle-classpeoplewhoareemployed.Comparedtoyoungerpeopleofcomparablestatus,theolderpeoplelookedalotbetter.Butiftheyareinbadsituations,youmaynotseethesebenefits.Arethesethekindsofthingsthatweighonyoungpeople’sminds?What’sreallyimportantforemotionalwell-beingistoknowthatyourfutureissecure.Youngerpeoplearehealthyandexpecttohavealonglifeaheadofthem.___48___Aspeoplegetolder,thereislesstimeleftandtheystartvaluingemotionalgoalsmore.Olderpeoplewillspendtimewithfamilyandfriends.Isthereariskofbecomingtooemotionallycomfortable?Youcanbesocomfortablethatyounolongermeetanychallengesandyoureallyneedtostayengagedincognitivechallenges.Inarecentstudy,weaskedover2,500peopleabouttherelativelyminorstressorstheyhadexperienced.About10percentofthepeoplereportedneverhavingexperiencedevenone.Theyalsoreportedbeinghappierthanthosewhoreportedatleastone.___49___TheyalsoreportedhavingreceivedorgivenlesshelptoothersandthattheyhadspentmoretimewatchingTV.___50___Peopleneedtoknowthemselvesandmakedecisionsthatcreateliveswheretheyareactiveandengagedinawaythatmakesthemfeelasenseofbelonging.Theyneedactivitiesthatarechallengingforthem,wheretheylearnnewinformationandrememberthisinformation.Theyneedtoengageinphysicalactivitiesthatmaintainor
9evenstrengthentheirphysicalhealth.Theyneedtoengageinbehaviorsthatensuretheirphysicalhealthandemotionalwell-being.A．Alotofthemhavefinancialsecurity.B．Whatshouldpeopledotoachievebalance?C．Youngpeoplearefacedwithconstantstressors.D．Whatshouldpeopledotostayhappyandhealthy?E．Theyvaluehardworkandenjoyplanningforthefuture.F．Whatwealsofoundwasthattheyperformedworseoncognitivetests.G．Psychologicalwell-beingisrelatedtolowerlevelsofstressandbetterhealth.
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