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压轴题03阅读理解之说明文说明文是对事物或事理进行客观说明的一种文体，它以说明为主要表达方式，通过解说事物或阐明事理，达到教人以知识的目的，在结构上往往采用总分、递进等方式按一定的顺序（如时间、空间、从现象到本质）进行说明。说明文的特点是客观、简练、语言准确、明了，文章很少表达作者的感情倾向。阅读说明文的重点在于读懂它说明的事物或事理，了解事物的性质、构造、成因、功能等，了解事理的含意、特点等。最近五年，说明文的出现变化不大，一直很稳定，选材通常是各学科的前沿问题；高科技领域的科研成果；人们比较关心的社会问题；人文方面的经典。由于阅读理解题的设置采用渐进式，即由简到难的方式，因此说明文是高考试卷中阅读理解题中相对比较难的，通常后置。阅读理解试题的中要考点之一是考查学生对词汇和句式的掌握。说明文的词汇和句式的运用较别的体裁的文章难度更大。词汇运用灵活，同一词的不同词性的用法交替出现，未列入考纲的生词较多，通常达到了4-5%。不过考生可以通过说明文的语言特点来帮助理解语篇，例如，下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词以及标点符号（如破折号、冒号都有表示解释和说明）等。1．首尾处高考中的阅读理解尤其是说明文和议论文，文章的结构层次都非常规范，逻辑性都很强，这类文章的首尾段经常是文章的主旨要义，而每段的首尾句经常又是该段落的主题句。正因如此这些地方也就理所当然地成为了命题的重点所在。2．转折处文章中的转折处经常是体现作者观点或文章主题的地方，考生看到这些地方要重点关注并做上标记，以便做题时查找。常见的转折词语有：but,however,yet,still,infact,asamatteroffact,onthecontrary等。3．对比处文章中作者经常将两个事物、事实或观点进行对比，以论证自己观点的正确性，而命题者常将针对双方的属性进行设题，此类试题多是推理判断题。常见的表示对比的标志性词语有：unlike,bycontrast,(be)comparedwith,incomparison等。4．举例处一般情况下在议论文和说明文中，作者都会通过例证的方式来说明某事物的功能作用或论证某种观点，这些地方通常是设题的热点区域。考生要牢记一般举例的前后处即为该例子的论点，找到了论点也就找到了根源，做题也就有了依据。常见的标志性词语有：like,suchas,forexample,forinstance,take...asanexample等。5．因果处
1因果关系阐明了两事物的内在联系，是作者进行分析或得出结论的地方。正因如此，命题者对这些地方非常青睐，通常命题者会将因果颠倒去迷惑考生。常见的词语有：because,for,since,as,so,thus,therefore,consequently,cause,becauseof,dueto,thanksto,asaresult(of),resultin/from,leadto等。需要注意的是，有时候文章中虽未出现表示因果关系的词语，但在逻辑上存在此种关系，此时考生就要根据实际情况去进行推理判断，理清逻辑。6．特殊标点处文章的特殊标点符号处通常是作者表达特殊意图的地方，也是命题者经常设题处。因此，考生要对下列特殊标点符号格外留心：①破折号，其后的内容通常为对前面内容的解释说明或补充，用来表明此处信息至关重要。但两个破折号的作用通常为插入语，一般不会是重点信息所在；②冒号，主要用来对前面内容进行解释或总结。一般情况下，出现冒号考生重点关注冒号后的内容即可；③括号，考生需要注意的是英文中的括号不同于中文的用法，中文里可跳过，但英文必须要认真阅读。因为英文括号里的内容通常用来解释或强调括号前的内容，是重点信息所在处。7．结论处当文章中出现theresearch/studyindicates,thereportsuggests等结论性表达时，考生要格外注意。因为命题者通常不考查实验或研究的过程，却关注其结果或结论，而这些地方恰恰是表达结果或结论的所在。8．观点处文章的作者及文章中提到的相关人员对某人或事物表达的观点态度通常会是命题的重点区域。做题时要注意doubt,appreciate,hate,beagainst/for,infavorof等词语。（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨三中校考一模）TheLostCity,Atlantisisamagnificentandancientcitylyingbeneaththewavesofthesea.Doesthissoundlikeafairytaletoyou?Manypeoplehavetriedandfailedtofindit.MichaelHubnerfromGermanythoughthehad.Letuslearnmoreaboutthisfascinatingcity.TheGreekphilosopherPlato,wholivedinthe4thcenturyBC,mentionedAtlantisindetailinhiswritings.HesaidthatAtlantiswasacitybuiltonanislandaround9,000yearsbeforehistime.Atlantisbecameapowerfulnationthatplannedtoconquerallothercountries.However,itdisappearedsuddenlybeneaththeseaintotheAtlanticOceanbecauseofearthquakesandfloods.Platogave51cluestoitslocation.Hedescribedthecityhavinganislandatthecenterandbeingsurroundedbyringsofwaterandland.HealsosaidhowfarthecitywasfromAthensinGreece.ManyexplorershadtriedandfailedtofindAtlantisunderthesea.TheyhadbeenlookingundertheseabecauseofwhatPlatowroteaboutit.AGermancomputerexpertcalledMichaelHubnercameupwiththetheorythatAtlantiswasnotatthebottomoftheocean.HethoughtthatAtlantishadbeendestroyedbyatsunamiwave.Thestrongforceofthewavewouldhavecausedtheendoftheoncegreatcity.MichaelHubnerlookedatallofPlato’scluesagain.Heusedacomputerprogramtoenteralltheinformation
2thatPlatowroteabout.Thecomputerprogramwouldcheckonamapoftheworldforaplacethatmatchedalltheclues.InthiswayMichaelHubnerwasabletofindtheplacethatAtlantismighthavebeen.ThecomputerprogrampointedtoaplaceontheMoroccancoastinAfrica,whichwascalledtheSouss-massaplain.MichaelHubnerimmediatelyboardedaplanetolookforhimself.Whenhegotthere,hewassurprisedtoseemanythingsthatmatchedPlato’sdescription.Therewasasmallmoundinthecentreoftheplainandcirculardryriverbeds.ItwasalsoveryclosetothedistancethatPlatohaddescribed.Weknowthatatsunamicanoccurifthereisanearthquake.TheareaoftheSouss-Massaplainhashadmanyearthquakesoveryears.MichaelHubner’stheorythatamassivetsunamihadflattenedthecityisnotimpossible.Thiswouldexplainwhyitdisappearedsosuddenly.EventhoughMichaelHubnerbelievedthathehadfoundthesiteofAtlantis,manyexpertsdisagreed.SomescholarshavesuggestedthatPlatomighthavebeenwritingaboutCreteandtheneighbouringislandofSantorini,whichwasbadlydestroyedbyavolcaniceruptionin1600BC．Othersfeelhemadeupthestoryandbaseditonoldlegends.MichaelHubnerbelievedPlato.HeusedhistimeandenergytoprovetohimselfthatAtlantisexistedandstoodproudlyalongtheMoroccancoast.1．WhichonefitsPlato’sdescriptionofAtlantis?A．Atlantiswasstruckbyearthquakesandfloods.B．AtlantiswasfarawayfromthecityAthensinGreece.C．Atlantiswasacitybuiltonanislandabout9,000yearsBC．D．Atlantisdisappearedbecauseitwasconqueredbymorepowerfulcountries.2．WhydidMichaelHubnergototheSouss-massaplain?A．Toexploreatsunamiwave.B．Toproveheisancomputerexpert.C．ToexplorethepossiblesiteofAtlantis.D．ToproveAtlantiswasdestroyedbyfloods.3．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsMichaelHubner’stheory?A．Doubtful.B．Opposed.C．Critical.D．Objective.4．Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?A．Thelostcityprovedtobemerelyalegend.B．MichaelHubnerwascompletelyagainstPlato’sidea.C．LotsofexpertsstillquestionedMichaelHubner’stheory.D．Atlantiswasseverelyaffectedbyavolcaniceruptionin1600BC．
3（2023·河北唐山·统考一模）SchoolsintheUSandelsewhereareannouncingbansontherecentlyreleasedAI—poweredChatGPToutoffearthatstudentscouldusethetechnologytocompletetheirassignments.However,bansmaybepracticallyimpossiblegivenhowdifficultitistodetectwhentextiscomposedbyChatGPT.Isitinsteadtimetorethinkhowstudentsaretaughtandevaluated?EducatorsarestartingtoquestionwhatitmeanstoassessstudentlearningifanAIcanwriteanessayorpapersimilarto,orevenbetterthan,astudentwould—andtheteachercan’ttellthedifference.Manyteachersbelievethetime-honoredlearningtraditionwillbedestroyedfromthegroundupbyChatGPT.TheLosAngelesUnifiedSchoolDistrictinCaliforniafirstblockedtheuseofChatGPTonnetworksanddevicesinDecember2022.However,removingtechnologyfromtheclassroomcanmeanundesirableconsequences,suchascreatingmoreobstaclesforstudentswithdisabilities,saysTrust.Additionally,restrictingtheuseofChatGPTonschoolnetworksanddevicescan’tstopstudentsfromusingChatGPTathomeandinlibraries.Itisalsounclearifanti-cheatingsoftwarecanreliablydetectAI-assistedwriting.OpenAIisworkingtodevelopadigitalwatermarkthatcanhelpteachersandacademicsspotstudentswhoareusingChatGPTtowriteessays.OpenAI’sattemptstowatermarkAItext,however,hitlimits.InsteadofworryingabouthowChatGPTcouldenablecheating,educatorsshouldaskwhatmotivatesstudentstocheatinthefirstplaceandworkondevelopingrelationshipsoftrust,saysJesseStommelattheUniversityofDenverinColorado.“TalktostudentsreallyfranklyaboutwhatChatGPT’scapableof,whatit’snot,”saysStommel.“HavestudentsuseittowriteanessayaboutJaneAustenandgenderdynamics,andthenhavethemreadthatessayandpeerreviewitandthinkaboutwhatChatGPTgetsrightandwrong.”5．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestschoolsdo?A．Adjustteachingandassessment.B．Meetdifferentdemandsfromstudents.C．ProhibittheuseofChatGPTinclassrooms.D．Breakwiththetraditionalteachingmethod.6．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．DarkfutureofChatGPT.B．Educators’worryingconcern.C．Crisisoftraditionallearning.D．DifficultyintellingAI’swriting.7．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardOpenAI’swatermarktechnology?A．Amused.B．Hopeful.C．Shocked.D．Doubtful.
48．WhatcanbeinferredfromJesseStommel?A．AIhelpsstudentstellrightandwrong.B．Studentsshouldwriteaboutfamouswriters.C．EducatorsshouldguidestudentstouseAIproperly.D．Thetrustbetweenteachersandstudentsishardtoform.（2023·江苏·统考二模）WhenshefirstcametoBritainasarefugee(难民)fromNigeriasixyearsago,Kemihadathree-month-olddaughter,aroominasharedhouseand￡5.39tosurviveoneachday.Findingmoneyfornewclotheswasoutofthequestion.Afterfouryears,Kemiwasgranted(给与)refugeestatusandsecuredherfirstjobinterview—unsurprisingly,shehadnothingtowear.However,shewasreferredtoasmallsocialenterprisecalledGiveYourBest,whichaskedherhersizeandwhatkindofclothessheliked.“Andtheygavemethreebeautifulshirts.Thoseclotheswerelikegoldtome.TheyaskedmewhatIactuallywanted.Thatmakesyoufeelvalued.”TheinitiativewaslaunchedbySolEscobar,whohadspentseveralyearsvolunteeringatrefugeecampsinnorthernFrance.Afriendputherincontactwithahouseholdofrefugeewomenwhocouldn’taccessanyclothing.Escobarrealisedshehadsurplus(剩余)clothesshecoulddonate,andappealedtoherfriendsandnetworksforhelp.Shewasfloodedwithoffers,butdidn’twanttooverloadthewomenwithpotentiallyimproperclothing.“SoIthought,ifItakephotosofalloftheseitemsandputthemonanInstagrampage,theycanallchoosethethingsthattheyactuallywant.”Eighteenmonthslater,GiveYourBesthasprocessedalmost11,000itemsofclothing,andhasmorethan800refugeewomenapprovedto“shop”forfreeonitsvirtualshopfront.Itisaimingformuchmore,however.HavingreachedtheverylimitofdonationsandrequestsitcouldhandlethroughInstagram,theenterprisehasjustlaunchedanewdigitalplatformthatwillallowittohugelyupscale.Likethehugelysuccessfulclothingresaleapp,clothesarephotographedanduploadedtoGiveYourBest,wherecustomersselectthosetheylikeanddonorsthenposttheitem.Crucially,however,nomoneychangeshands.Aswellasgivingchoicetoitsusersandminimisingfashionwaste,Escobarsaysoneconsequencehasbeenthesmallbutintimate(亲密的)connectionsestablishedbetweendonorandshopper.Manydonorschoosetoincludeasupportivenoteandasmallgift—hugelywelcomedbyrecipients(接受者),butalsoareminderthat“ontheothersideofyourpackage,there’sawomanwhoisyoursizeandhasyourfashionsense,becauseshe’sshoppingfromyourwardrobe(衣橱)”.9．What’sthepurposeoftheenterprise?
5A．Toofferjobtrainingtorefugees.B．Toprovidechildcareforrefugees.C．Togiverefugeesdignityofchoice.D．Tostrengthenrefugees’socialposition.10．Whatdoesparagraph3focuson?A．Howtheenterprisesurvived.B．Howtheenterpriseadvertised.C．Howtheenterprisewasnamed.D．Howtheenterprisewasinitiated.11．Whatdowelearnabouttheenterprisefromthetext?A．Itiswarmlyreceived.B．Itisdifficulttooperate.C．Itmakeshugeprofits.D．Itneedstobemorecreative.12．Whatdoestheenterprisebringtoitsdonorsandrecipients?A．Enjoyableshoppingexperience.B．Asenseofsocialresponsibility.C．Closeinterpersonalrelationship.D．Agoodinsightintofashiontrend.（2023·湖北·校联考二模）Takealookatthattreeinthelocalpark.Whatmightitbefeeling?Coulditbethinking?Experimentsareexploringtheideaofplantcognition(认知),evengoingsofarastosuggesttheypossesssomeformofconsciousness.Aswildasitsounds,itisn’tanewidea.Thefieldof“plantneurobiology(神经生物学)”beganin2006,aimedatunderstandinghowplantsprocessinformationfromtheirenvironment.Itisnowclearthatplantsarecapableofcomplexcommunicationandcansensetheirsurroundings,whichwereoriginallydismissed.Butadvocatesofplantconsciousnesstakethingsfurtheranddrawparallelsbetweentheelectricalsignalingthatcanbefoundfromroottostemandthatpresentinthenervoussystemofanimals.Theyclaimtoshowthatplantsarecapableofintentionallychoosingtoperformcertainbehaviors,oflearningandperhapsevenhavingpersonalities.Ifplantsareexperiencingaconsciousinnerworld,theyargue,itbecomesvitalthatwefindwaystotestandunderstandit.Extendingtheconceptofcognitiontoplantswouldmeanasignificantshiftinourviewoftheuniquenessof
6humanity,nottomentionhowwetreatourbotanicalfriends,sothebarofacceptanceishigh.Researchersrisingtothechallengearehopingtoexploreplantswithtoolsusuallyreservedforthehumanbrain.Theresearchcanappearpersuasive,butitisinitsearlystageandsuffersfromrepeatedfailure.Criticssaythefieldisahighguessandthatthebehaviourcanbeexplainedthroughinbornresponse.Whetherwedecidethatplantshavecognitionmaycomedowntoourabilitytodescribeconsciousnessitself-somethingwearefarfromdoing.Butratherthandismisstheidea,weshouldwelcomethechancetothinkupnewwaystotestourunderstandingofconsciousness.Itmightjustimproveourgraspofthehumanmind.Attheveryleast,ourtreesandplantsshouldbenefitfromtheextraattention-consciouslyornot.13．Whatdosupportersofplantconsciousnessbelieve?A．Plantscanonlyperformnativereaction.B．Plantscanperceivetheirsurroundingsandadapttothem.C．Plantspossessthesamelevelofconsciousnessashumans.D．Plantscancommunicatecomplicatedlyandchooseactionsdeliberately.14．Whatisthemainchallengeinacceptingtheideaofplantconsciousness?A．Theneedtodeveloptoolstotestplantcognition.B．Thedramaticchangeinourviewofhumanity.C．Thelackofevidenceinthefieldofplantneurobiology.D．Theinabilitytodescribeconsciousnessitself.15．Whatisthecurrentstateofresearchinthefieldofplantcognition?A．Thefieldishighlybasedonguessesandhasnoevidence.B．Researchersareusingtoolsreservedforthehumanbraintostudyplantbehaviors.C．Thereisnotenoughevidencetosupporttheideaofplantconsciousness.D．Plantshavebeenproventopossessaformofconsciousness.16．Whatisthepotentialbenefitofstudyingplantconsciousness?A．Enhancingourunderstandingofthehumanbrain.B．Developingnewwaystotestplantbehaviors.C．Promotingourrelationshipwithplants.D．Provingtheexistenceofplantcognition.（2023·江苏镇江·江苏省镇江第一中学校考模拟预测）FaceApphastakentheworldbystorm,givingusersthechancetoseethemselvesagethroughitsalgorithm.12.7millionpeople—somethreemillionmorethanthepopulationofNewYorkCity—reportedlydownloadeditinaweeklastmonth.
7AlthoughtheRussianapphasbecomeknownforitsprivacyissues,themoreinterestinglessonofourFaceAppfling(尽情玩乐)iswhatittellsusaboutoursociety—andourfuturelives.Itturnsoutwearemoreinterestedinagingthanwerealized.Mostyoungerpeopleareindenialaboutoldage,doingalmostnothingtoprepareforit.Werarelyhaveachancetoplanforthefuture,withincreasingtimeandfinancialpressures.Thosepressuresbringsacrificeswemaynotalwayswanttomake:wecannolongeraffordtospendthetimeorthemoneyneededtolookafterourelderlyparents.Asafamilydoctor,Icanseethelonelinessepidemicdeveloping.Elderlypatientscometoseemewithnoparticularillness,noclearmedicalissue.AfterafewminutesoftheconsultationIunderstandwhy:theyarenotsick,andoftentheydon’tfeelsick.Theyjustneedsomeone—anyone—totalkto.Althoughlonelinesshasnomedicalclassification,thehealtheffectsarereal:lonelinessandisolationcanbeasharmfulassmoking15cigarettesaday,andismoredamagingthanobesity.Butlonelinessdoesnotcomewithnearlyenoughhealthwarnings.Sowhatnext?Since1980,wearelivingonaverage10yearslonger.Meanwhile,peoplearehavingfewerchildren,andtheyarehavingthemmuchlaterinlife.Thesnakeofaworldclasshealthserviceiseatingitsowntail;itscareisprolonging(延长)people’slives,butastherateofpensioners(退休人员)toworkingagepeopleincreases,therearefewertaxpayerstafundthatveryhealthservice.IntothisvoidhavesteppedNGOs,charitiesandvolunteers.Butinthelongterm,theonlywaytotrulyhelptheoldestmembersofoursocietyistogobacktothetraditionalvaluesofinter-generationalcooperation—oftenunderthesameroof.Ultimately,wewillneedtoevolvetowardsaculturewhereelderlycareIStreatedthesameaschildcare,whereemployersrecognizethedutyofsomeonewithanelderlyparentthesamewaytheyrecognizethoseofsomeonewithanewbornchild.17．What’sthewriter’sintentionofmentioningFaceAppinthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Toexplainitsfunctionindetail.B．Toproveitspopularityacrosstheworld.C．Toshowtherapidprogressoftechnology.D．Tointroducethetopicofagingandloneliness.18．Whatmakeselderlypeoplewithoutillnessgotoseetheirfamilydoctors?A．Desiretohavetheconsultation.B．Unclearmedicalissues.C．Strongfeelingofloneliness.D．Questionstoaskdoctors.19．Howcantheoldestmembersofoursocietybetrulyhelped?A．Bybeingprovidedwithfamilycare.B．BygoingbacktothetraditionalsocietyC．Bybeingtreatedlikechildren.D．Byrecognizingthedutyofemployers20．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
8A．FaceAppishelpfulindealingwithelderlypeople’sloneliness.B．FaceApp’spopularityprovesithasnosecurityproblems.C．ThelonelinessofelderlypeopleneedsmoreattentionD．Healthservicelacksfundbecauseofprolongedpeople’slives.（2023·河北石家庄·高三石家庄二中校考阶段练习）Onekeyelementofhumanlanguageissemantics(语义).Scientistshadlongthoughtthatunlikeourwords,animalvocalizations(发声)wereinvoluntary,renectingtheemotionalstateoftheanimalwithoutconveyinganyotherinformation.Butoverthelastfourdecades,numerousstudieshaveshownthatvariousanimalshavedistinctcallswithspecificmeanings.Manybirdspeciesusedifferentalarmcalls.Japanesetits,whichnestintreeholes,haveonecallthatcausestheirbabybirdstogetdowntoavoidbeingpulledoutofthenestbycrows,andanothercallfortreesnakesthatsendsthemjumpingoutofthenestentirely.Siberianjaysvarytheircallsdependingonwhetheranenemyisseenlookingforfoodoractivelyattacking—andeachcallgetsadifferentresponsefromothernearbybirds.Tworecentstudiessuggestthattheorderofsomebirds’vocalizationsmayimpacttheirmeaning.Thoughtheideaisstillcontroversial,thiscouldrepresentabasicformoftherulesgoverningtheorderandcombinationofwordsandelementsinhumanlanguageknownassyntax(句法),asillustratedbytheclassic“dogbitesman”vs.“manbitesdog”example.Evenifsomebirdssharebasicaspectsofhumanlanguage,westillknowverylittleaboutwhat’sactuallygoingonintheirminds.Mostanimalcommunicationresearchhasfocusedondescribingsignalsandbehavior,whichonthesurfacecanlookalotlikehumanbehavior.Determiningiftheunderlyingcognitive(认知的)processesdrivingthebehaviorarealsosimilarismuchmorechallenging,asattheheartofthisquestionisintentionality:Areanimalsmerelyreactingtotheirenvironment,ordotheyintendtoconveyinformationtooneanother?21．Whatwasscientists’long-heldbeliefaboutanimalvocalizations?A．Theyconveyednoemotion.B．Theyweresemanticallyrelated.C．Theyvariedgreatlywithspecies.D．Theyexpressednointendedmeaning.22．Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph2?A．Bylistingdata.B．Bygivingexamples.C．Byprovidingdefinition.D．Bymakingcomparisons.23．Whatdoestheunderlinedword”this”inparagraph3referto?A．Whatbirds’vocalizationsmean.B．Howrulesgovernhumanlanguage.C．Whatthetworecentstudiesindicate.D．Howbird’svocalizationsarecombined.
924．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A．Sharedaspectsofhumanandbirds’languages.B．Focusofmostanimalcommunicationresearch.C．Underlying,cognitiveprocessesofbirds’vocalizations.D．Insufficientknowledgeaboutbirds’communicationintentionality.（2023·湖南岳阳·统考二模）CERTAINCREATURES-namely,bees-haveevolvedtobeskillfulflyingbuilders.Toassemble(组装)anest,workerinsectsteamuptodovariousworktothespecificationofacomplexdesignthatendsupbeingmanytimestheirsize.Thisprocesstakesmonths,manytimeslongerthantheaveragelifespanofallbutthequeen.Meanwhiletheinsectsmustadjustastheygo.ItistheseinsectbuildingteamsthatinspiredMirkoKovac,aroboticistatImperialCollegeLondon,todevelopawaytoimprovetheflexibilityof3Dprinting.Atypical3Dprinterislimitedbytherangeofitsnozzle(喷嘴),andcanonlymakeobjectssmallerthanitself.DrKovac’steamhasremovedtheselimitationbyusingflyingrobots.DrKovacdescribesasystemofflyingrobotsthatiscomposedoftwotypesofmulti-rotordrones:buildersandscanners.Thebuilderscarrythe3D-printingnozzle.Thescannersarerobotsequippedwithcamerasthatareresponsibleformonitoringtheprogressofthebuilders.Thebuildingprocessalternatesbetweenbuildersandscanners,layerbylayer,printingandadjusting,untilastructureiscomplete.First,abuilderremainssuspendedoveritsareaofoperationandbeginstoreleaseajetorrushofthebuildingmaterialalongitsflightpath.Thechoiceofmaterialisimportant——itmustbelightweightenoughforthedronestocarrybutstrongenoughtoholdthesubsequentlayersthatwillbebuiltontop.Oncethebuilderrobothassprayedalayerofmaterial,thescannerrobotfliesover,inspectstheprogress.Thesystemthencomputesthenextlayerthatthebuildershouldmake,whilealsocorrectingforanyerrorsthatmighthavebeendiscoveredinwhathasalreadybeenbuilt.Becausetheflyingrobotscan,intheory,operateanywhere,theycouldfixthingsindangerousorotherwiseinaccessibleplaces.DrKovacsaysthathisrobotscouldbeusedtospotandsealleaksinoilorgaspipelines,repairleakyinsulationorfixcracksontallbuildings.Thinkingmorelongterm,DrKovacevenseesapotentialfutureforhisconstructionrobots,buildingonthesurfacesoftheMoonorMars.25．Whydoestheauthormentionbeesinthetext?A．Tobecomeatheme.B．Tointroduceatopic.C．Togiveanexplanation.
10D．Toanalyzethecause.26．Whatisthecharacteroftypical3Dprinters?A．Theycanexpandtherangeofprinting.B．Theycanmakeadjustmentwhileprinting.C．Theyaremoreflexiblethantraditionalones.D．Theycanmakeobjectssmallerthanthemselves.27．Whatcanwelearnfromthebuildingprocess?A．TheBuilderscancorrecttheerrorswhilecalculating.B．Thebuildingmaterialshouldbestrongenoughforscanner.C．Buildersandscannerscanprintandmonitoratthesametime.D．Thebuildingprocesshasstrictrequirementofthebuildingmaterial.28．Whatcanbethesuitabletitleforthetext?A．Teamsofflyingrobotscanmake3Dobjects.B．Teamsofflyingrobotshavealimitedfuture.C．Theflexibilityoftypical3Dprinterhasbeenimproved.D．Teamsofflyingrobotshavebeenusedindangeroussituation.（2023·湖南岳阳·统考二模）Atallhoursoftheday,white-apronedbakersoccupythemselvesinworkingintheHotBreadKitchen,throwingflouracrossbutcher-blocktables,fillingmetaltrayswithhand-shapedbread,andshiftingsteaming,freshbreadtocoolingshelves.TheonlybodiesatrestinthisNewYorkCitybakeryarepanswithbread,waitingtobesentintotheoven.Theskilledbakersturnoutaround25varietiesrangingfromclassicFrenchbaguettestocrispArmenianlavashcrackers-whichtheysellatfarmers’marketsandgourmetstores.ButHotBreadKitchenismorethanabakery:It’sanonprofitdesignedtogiveforeign-bornwomentheskillsandsupporttheyneedtoestablishcareersintheculinaryarts.Overseeingdailyoperationoftheplace-andoftenrollingupherownshirtsleevestoinvolvein-is35-year-oldfounderandCEOJessamynRodriguez.Bymixingherlifelongpassionforsocietywithgreatfood,Rodriguezsaysshehascreatedherdreamjob.In2008,RodriguezlaunchedthebakeryinthesmallBrooklynapartmentshesharedwithroommates,hiringtwoimmigrantwomenasherfirstbakers.“Iwasdefinitelybreakingnewground,andwefacedalotofskeptics,”shesaysofthoseearlydays.“Butforeverypersonwhoquestionedit,therewerefivepeoplewhowereinterestedinsupportingus.”Today,HotBreadKitchenemploysastaffof35andoccupiesanearly5,000-square-footspaceinLaMarqueta,apublicmarketinEastHarlem.ThewomenwhobakeandpackageHotBreadKitchen’sofferingsrangeinagefrom21to60.Comingfrom
11landssuchasHaiti,Nepal,andtheDominicanRepublic,somehavelivedintheU.S.foraslittleasayear.Others,includingproductionmanagerAntoniaGarcia,whoisoriginallyfromMexico,havecalledAmericahomeformorethanadecade.Thesewomen’sdiversehomelandsarereflectedinmanyofthebakery’sproducts,likeheritagetortillasandthewildlypopularm’smen,abutterybread.TheprogramhasfarsurpassedRodriguez’soriginalhopes.Sinceitshumblebeginnings,HotBreadKitchenhastrained27womenfrom12countries.Theyreceivepaid,on-the-jobexperience,aswellascoursesinbakerysciences,andEnglishaspartofayearlongtrainingprogram.29．Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Constantactivityofskilledworkers.B．Varietiesoffreshbakedgoods.C．Manydifferenttypesofequipmentusedinbakeries.D．Difficultworkingconditionsofbakeryemployees.30．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJessamynRodriguez?A．Adventurou1sandmodest.B．Ambitiousandgifted.C．Hard-workingandcourageous.D．Devotedandstubborn.31．HowdoestheauthorestablishthediversityofHotBreadKitchen?A．Bydescribingthecoursesofferedtoemployees.B．Byintroducingthebackgroundsoftheemployees.C．Bydescribingthebakery’slocationatLaMarqueta.D．Byintroducingthebakery’sdevelopmentsince2008.32．Whatisthemainideaofthearticle?A．Employeesfromdiversehomelandsproducevariousproducts.B．ThehardworkingwomenhavehelpedHotBreadKitchendevelopquickly.C．RodriguezbecameasuccessfulbakerafterestablishingHotBreadKitchen.D．HotBreadKitchenprovidesprofessionalopportunitiesforimmigrantwomen.
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