2023届高三英语名校新题专题03阅读理解之说明文 原卷版

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2023届高三英语名校新题快递--开学考试专辑专题03阅读理解之说明文原卷版

101【山东省济南市2022-2023学年高三开学摸底考试】

2EverysummerartistsperformatFringe(边缘)Festivalsaroundtheworld.FringeFestivalsareacelebrationofstrangeart.Theyhaveallkindsofperformers—fromdancers,musiciansandactorstoeverythinginbetween.Theshowsgiveartistsachancetocreateunusualart.Forfestivalgoers,eachshowisatimetoexperiencesomethingdifferent.ThefirstFringeFestivalwasheldinEdinburgh,Scotlandin1947.ThatwasalsotheyearofthefirstEdinburghInternationalFestival.ArtistsfromaroundtheworldtraveledtoScotlandfortheEdinburghInternationalFestival.Theyperformedatartscentersthroughoutthecity.Eightlocaltheatercompaniesdidnotreceiveaninvitation,however.Inresponse,theyperformedatsmallerspacesaroundEdinburgh.Theseartistsperformedwherevertheycould,includingchurchesandevenonthestreet.TheystartedtheirownculturaleventandnamedittheEdinburghFestivalFringe.Whatstartedasanalternativetothemainstreamhasnowbecometheworld’slargestartsfestival.Today,therearehundredsofFringeFestivalstakingplacearoundtheworld.TheoneinWashington,D.C.,calledtheCapitalFringeFestival,isinitstenthyear.ItwasheldinthemonthofJuly.JulianneBrienzafoundedtheCapitalFringeFestival.Shewenttoaschoolfortheperformingarts,butnowseesherselfmainlyasanorganizerofthefestival.Brienzabelievesthatfringeperformanceartisspecialandcanhaveapowerfuleffect.TheCapitalFringeFestivaltakesplaceindifferentlocationsthroughouttheD.C.area.Someperformanceshappenintraditionaltheaters.Othershappeninunusualsettingslikeold,emptybuildingsorstoresafterbusinesshoursareover.BrienzasaysthepurposeofFringefestivalsistoexplorethelimitsofartinuniqueenvironments.Since2006,theeventhasmademorethan$1.7million.ItisthesecondlargestFringeFestivalintheU.S.anditspopularityhasgrowneveryyear.TheEdinburghFestivalFringecontinuesthroughoutthemonthofAugust.8.WhomaybeinterestedinFringeFestivals?A.Strangeartlovers.B.Professionalartists.C.Classicalmusicians.D.Traditionalculturesupporters.9.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.WhyEdinburghbecametheglobalartcenter.B.HowthefirstFringeFestivalcameintobeing.C.WhentheEdinburghInternationalFestivalwasheld.D.WheretheEdinburghFestivalFringewascelebrated.10.WhatcanweknowabouttheCapitalFringeFestival?A.Itistheworld’slargestartsfestival.B.Ithasnofixedplacesforcelebration.C.Itcanneverbeacceptedbythepublic.D.Ithasalongerhistorythanotherfestivals.11.WhichofthefollowingmayBrienzaprobablyagreeaboutFringeFestivals?A.Theyraisepeople’sloveoffestivals.B.Theylimitthedevelopmentofarts.C.Formalartsarelookeddownupon..Chancesareofferedtounusualarts.

301【山东省济南市2022-2023学年高三开学摸底考试】Somescientistshavetracedtheincreaseinearthquakes,especiallyinareasnotknownforthepresenceoffaultlinesorpastseismic(地震的)activity,tohumanactions.Theideaofhumanscausingearthquakesmayseemstrangeatfirst.Afterall,youcanrunaroundyourbackyardandjumpupanddownasyouwant,andthegroundisn’tgoingtostartshaking.However,scientistshaveidentifiedavarietyoflargescalehumanactivitiesthatcanresultinearthquakes.Scientistshaveconfirmedover700placeswherehumanactivitieshavecausedearthquakesoverthelastcentury.Whilemanyhuman-relatedearthquakesaremildanddon’tcausemuchdamage,someofthemcanbeseriousanddangerous.Infact,scientistsbelievehumanactivityhascausedearthquakeswithmagnitudesashighas7.9ontheRichterscale.Scientistsbelievemosthuman-relatedearthquakesaretheresultofmining.AscompaniesdrilldeeperanddeeperbelowEarth’ssurfacetogetnaturalresources,holesleftbehindcancauseinstabilitythatleadstocollapsesthatcauseearthquakes.Anotherhumanactivityleadingtoearthquakesisfracking(水力压裂)foroilandgas,includingthehighpressurewastewaterprocessingthatusuallygoeswithfracking.Inthisprocess,water,sandandchemicalsarepressedundergroundunderhighpressuretobreakrockstoreleasenaturalresources.Buildinglargedamscanalsocauseearthquakes.Forexample,about80,000peoplediedinChinain2008asaresultofa7.9-magnitudeearthquakecausedby320milliontonsofwaterthathadbeencollectedintheZipingpuReservoirafteralargedamwasbuiltoveraknownfaultline.Thesearen’ttheonlyhumanactivitiesthatcanresultinearthquakes,though.Scientistspointoutthatearthquakescanalsobecausedbyotherhumanactivities,suchasconstructionofskyscrapersandnuclearexplosions.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“faultlines”inParagraph1referto?A.Regionswithactivehumanactions.B.Placesassociatedwithnaturalbalance.C.Zoneswherenaturalresourcesarerich.D.Areaswhereearthquakestendtohappen.13.Whatdominingandoilproducinghaveincommon?A.Theybreakthebalanceofnature.B.Theydestroythestabilityofrocks.C.Theyusehighpressuretogetresources.D.TheydomuchdamagetoEarth’ssurface.14.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?A.The2008earthquakeistheworstinhistory.B.Constructionofdamsshouldbestopped.C.Tonsofwatermustcauseearthquakes.D.Thelocationofadammattersmuch.15.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A.Naturepunisheshumansbymeansofearthquakes.

4B.Progresshasbeenmadeonearthquakeresearch.C.Humansaretoblameforsomeearthquakes.D.Earthquakesarenolongernature-made.02【湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学年高三上学期入学考试】Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind:Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened?Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource,astheresearchsuggests,whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?Avoidingtemptation(诱惑)isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-controlwhichiscalledthe“outofsight,outofmind”principle.Onerecentstudy,forinstance,foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks,inplainsight.Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations,arewetofail?Notnecessarily.Researchersdon’tbelievethatone’swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower-atleasttoapoint.Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable（脆弱）tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.Researcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison,theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear’sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas,soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords,don’ttrytoquitsmoking,adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,Baumeistersays,you’llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon’trequiremakingdecisionsatall.8.Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat.A.peoplehaveunlimitedself-controlB.highmotivationensuresone’ssuccessC.willpowerishardlycompletelyexhaustedD.toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure9.Theunderlinedphrase“tapinto”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans.A.makeuseofB.runoutofC.buildD.increase10.Theauthorcomparesself–controltomuscles.A.toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpowerB.toshowthesignificanceofregularexercise

5C.toarguethatself-controlcanbeeasilyusedupD.toexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control11.Todevelopagoodhabit,whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer?A.“Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise.”B.“Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester.”C.“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”D.“Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation.”02【湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学年高三上学期入学考试】MidwaythroughTheMatrix,Cypherfeastsonanenormoussteak,wellawarethathisrealityisnotreal,partofadigitalprogramtellinghisbrainthatthesteakisaconstructionandthatitis“juicyanddelicious.”Twodecadesafterthemoviemadeitsfirstappearance,somethingunexpectedarises:Thefutureofrealitywillnotonlybevirtualbutalsosynthetic(合成的).Cypher’sfuturemealwillbeaphysicalone,synthesizedfromanimalcells.Andthesynthesisgoesbeyonddinner.Startingwithcomponentsfromthenaturalworld,scientistsarelearningtoengineermicroorganismsandbuildbiocomputingsystems.However,biologyhasatendencytoevolveinunexpectedways.Synthesizedmeatisonecaseinpoint.Thedrivingforcesbehindthemeatmovementarepractical.Ithasbeenestimatedthatcultured(培育的)meatwouldrequire7to45percentlessenergyandproduce78to96percentlessgreenhousegasthanconventionalanimalsfarmedforconsumption.Butoncewe’reabletosynthesizemeat,theoretically,we’llhavethecapabilitytoculturemeatfromanyanimal,eventhosewe’dneverconsidereatingtoday,likedolphinsorchimpanzees,whichwillposeanewregulatorychallengeforus.Usingsyntheticbiology,wecaneveneditandrewritelife,thetechnologyofwhicharealreadyinuse.In2021,scientistsinsomecountriesannouncedtheyhadgrownmonkeyembryosinjectedwithhumanstemcells.Herecomesthesituationworthconsidering:suchamonkey-humanhybridwilldemonstratequalitiesthataresomewherebetweenhumans,onwhichexperimentationisn’tallowed,andanimals,whichareoftenraisedspecificallyforresearch.Howwillwedecidewhenananimalbecomestoohuman?Dependingonwhereyoustand,thesyntheticrealitieslandsomewherebetween“reallyexciting”and“criticallyconcerning.”Asindividuals,weundertakeasharedresponsibilitytomakegoodchoicesaboutthiscomingsynthetictechnology.12.WhatdoweknowaboutCypher’ssteakinthemovie?A.Itisanythingbutappetizing.B.Itisenjoyedinavirtualworld.C.Itissynthesizedfromanimalcell.D.Itisaconstructionmadebyhimself.13.What’stheadvantageofsynthesizedmeat?A.Itismorenutritious.B.Itismoreenergy-consuming.C.Itismoreenvironment-friendly.D.Itismorecontrollableinregulation.

614.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotheexperimentinParagraph4?A.Cautious.B.Favorable.C.Pessimistic.D.Indifferent.15.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Topopularizesynthetictechnology.B.Toindicatechallengesofsynthetictechnology.C.Tostresstheimportanceofsynthetictechnology.D.Tointroducethedevelopmentofsynthetictechnology.03【广东省2022-2023学年新高三开学大联考】QueenElizabethII’sfaceisoneverynoteandcoinintheUnitedKingdom,butstilllittleisknownabouthowmuchmoneyshehaspersonally,howshegetsitandwhostandstoinherit(继承)it.WhatwedoknowfrompublicrecordsisthattheQueenreceivesatleast$20millioninannualincomethroughherprivateestate,andanother100milliondollarsfromtheUKgovernmenteachyear.ThefirstthingtounderstandisthattheQueen’sincomecomesfrombothpublicandprivatepossessions.AlargeamountofitcomesfromsomethingcalledtheSovereignGrant.Here’showthatworks.Inthe1700s,themonarchy(王室)handedoverincomefromlandtothegovernmentknownastheCrownEstate.Eachyearthegovernmentpaysapercentageoftheprofitsmadeonthosepossessionsbacktothemonarchy.ThatannualincomeisknownastheSovereignGrant.Lastyearittotaledmorethan$107million.AnditisusedtofundtheQueen’sofficialdutiesandmaintainroyalresidenceslikeBuckinghamPalace.Butevenifwecan’tidentifyherexactworth,theroyalfinancesarelookinghealthyastheQueencelebratesher70thQueenCeremony.TheSundayTimesRichListestimatedtheQueen’snetworthis$466million,up$6.2milliondollarsfromlastyear.AndwhiletheDuchyofLancastersawUKincomedropduringthepandemic,accordingtoitsfinancialrecords,theQueen’sincomehasbeenturningupwardsoverthepastdecade.Anyway,themonarchyisaprivatefamily,andtheyareunlikelytoshareanydetailsoftheirwealthwiththeBritishpublic,andthatprobablywon’tchangeanytimesoon.8.HowdoestheQueengetherincome?A.FromtheCrownEstate.B.FromtheSovereignGrant.C.Fromthemonarchyandthegovernment.D.Fromthegovernmentandprivatepossessions.9.What’sthemainideaofParagraph4?A.HowtheQueen’sincomeiscalculated.B.Howthemonarchycooperateswiththegovernment.C.HowtheSovereignGrantworksandwhatthemoneyisusedfor.D.HowthemonarchygetspaidandwhattheQueen’sofficialdutiesare.10.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheQueen’sincomefromParagraph5?AItcanbeexactlyidentified.B.Itdecreasesduringthepandemic.C.Itismorethanthatfromlastyear.D.ItismorethanthatoftheUKgovernment.

711.Whichsectionmaythetextbetakenfrom?A.Health.B.History.C.Education.D.Economy.03【广东省2022-2023学年新高三开学大联考】Areyousleepingrestlessly,forgettinglittlethings,andfeelingdepressedandlonely?Don’tworry.We’veallbeenthere.You’reprobablyjuststressedout.Stressisn’talwaysabadthing.Itcanbehandyforaburstofextraenergyandfocus,likewhenyou’replayingacompetitivesport,orhavetospeakinpublic.Butwhenit’scontinuous,thekindofsituationmostofusfacedaily,itactuallybeginstochangeyourbrain.Chronic(长期的)stress,likebeingoverworkedorhavingargumentsathomefrequently,canaffectbrainsize,itsstructure,andhowitfunctions,rightdowntothelevelofyourgenes.Aslevelsofcortisol(皮质醇)rise,electricsignalsinyourhippocampus(海马体),thepartofthebrainassociatedwithlearning,memories,andstresscontrol,decline.Whenthehippocampusweakens,sodoesyourabilitytocontrolyourstress.That’snotall,though.Cortisolcanliterallycauseyourbraintogetsmallerinsize.Toomuchofitresultsintheshrinkingofthepartofyourbrainthatregulatesbehaviorslikeconcentration,decision-making,judgement,andsocialinteraction.Italsoleadstofewernewbraincellsbeingmadeinthehippocampus.Thismeanschronicstressmightmakeitharderforyoutolearnandrememberthings,andalsosetthestageformoreseriousmentalproblems,likedepressionandeventuallyAlzheimer’sdisease.It’snotallbadnews,though.Therearemanywaystochangewhatcortisoldoestoyourstressedbrain.Themostpowerfulweaponsareexerciseandgettingintodeepthoughts,whichinvolvesbreathingdeeplyandbeingawareandfocusedonyoursurroundings.Bothoftheseactivitiesdecreaseyourstressandincreasethesizeofthehippocampus,andthereforeyourmemoryimproves.Sodon’tfeeldefeatedbythepressuresofdailylife.Getcontrolofyourstressbeforeittakescontrolofyou.12.Onwhichoccasioncanstressbeagoodthing?A.Whenmakingdecisions.B.Whendeliveringaspeech.C.Whenbeingindeepthought.D.Whenforgettinglittlethings.13.Whatmayinfluenceyourgenes’levelaccordingtothetext?AHavingchronicstress.B.Playingcompetitivesports.C.WorkingovertimelastFriday.D.Havingafightwithyourbrother.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”refertoinParagraph6?A.Relevantbehavior.B.Toomuchcortisol.C.Socialinteraction.D.Thesmallerbraininsize.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbeagoodwaytorelievestress?A.Sleepingalot.B.Doingsportsregularly.C.Changingthecortisol.D.Havingsocialinteraction.

804【山东省日照市2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次校际联考】EveryyearfromMaytoJuly,tensofthousandsofTibetanantelopesfromregionsinQinghai,Tibetautonomousregion,andXinjiangautonomousregionmaketheirwaytoHohXilnaturereserveinQinghaitogivebirth.ThemothersandnewbornTibetanantelopesmakethereturntriparoundAugust.Thisjourneyisrathertough.Morethan90percentofthefemaleanimalsgivebirtheveryyear,butonlyabout30percentofthenewbornssurvive.Manyofthemdieonthereturnjourney,unabletowithstandthepredators(捕食性动物)anddisease.Thegovernmenthasadoptedsomehigh-techmethodstoassistinthesafereturnofnewbornantelopesandprotectthespecies.In2013,withthehelpoftheBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem,researchersdiscoveredandconfirmedthelargestTibetanantelope“birthroom”ontheQinghai-TibetPlateau,andtheymappedthemigrationroutesofTibetanantelopes.Sincelate2018,asolar-powereddronehasbeenusedtomonitorthemigrationherds.“Thesolar-powereddronehasalongflyingtimewithhigh-resolutioncameras,whichgivesusanewunderstandingofmanyspecificroutesduringthemigrationofTibetanantelopes,”saidWuXiaomin,anexpertfromtheShaanxiInstituteofZoology.“Forexample,thenomads(牧民)putfencesonthegrasslandtoprotectthegrass,butsometimesthesehinderthenormalactivityoftheTibetanantelopes.”ToclearthewayfortheTibetanantelopes,thegovernmentoftheTibethastakenactioninrecentyearstogivemoreprotectedspacetowildlife.Theyrelocatenomadsfromplacesataltitudesabove4,800meterstootherplacesintheregion.Knownas“plateauelves”,TibetanantelopeshaveadaptedtotheuniqueandseverenaturalconditionsoftheQinghai-TibetPlateau.AccordingtoWu,theTibetanantelopeisrecognizedasanimportantindicatorspeciesofthenaturalecosystem.ThepopulationofTibetanantelopeshasgrown.“Witharecordedlowpopulationoffewerthan20,000inQinghai,thenumberhasnowreachedover70,000,”saidformerQinghaigovernorXinChangxingataneventtomarkWorldEnvironmentDay.8.WhatcanwelearnaboutTibetanantelopes?A.TheytraveltoHohXiltofindpartners.B.Only30percentofthemgivebirtheveryyear.C.TheiryearlytriptoHohXiltakesaboutonemonth.D.Thenewbornsarethreatenedbydiseasesandpredators.9.Whatisthesolar-powereddronemainlyusedfor?A.LocatingtheTibetanantelope“birthroom”.B.RecordingTibetanantelopes’dailyactivities.C.WatchingoverthemigratingTibetanantelopes.D.MappingthemigrationroutesofTibetanantelopes.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hinder”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Payattentionto.B.Causetroublefor.C.Takecontrolof.D.Playanimportantrolein.11.HowdoesthegovernmentprotectTibetanantelopes?A.Byexpandingtheareaofreserve.B.Bydrivingawaytheirpredators.

9C.Byencouragingnomadstoprotectthem.D.Byrelocatingthemtoaprotectedplace.04【山东省日照市2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次校际联考】SamsungElectronicsAmericaannouncedthatGalaxydeviceownerscanmaketheirownrepairstotheGalaxyS20andS21familyofproducts,aswellastheGalaxyTabS7+,startingAugust2nd.SamsungiscooperatingwithiFixit,theleadingonlinerepaircommunity,todelivertheirSelf-Repairprogram.ThisprogramaddstoSamsung’scontinuedexpansionsforconvenientrepairforconsumersandhelpsthemwithsustainablesolutionstosupportamorecirculareconomybyextendingthelifeoftheirdevices,aswellasminimizinge-waste.Samsungconsumerswhowishtomaketheirownrepairscannowpurchaserealdevicepartsandconvenient,easy-to-userepairtools,availablethroughiFixit,Samsungretail(零售)andservicelocations,atthesamepricingofferedtoourrepairproviders.Inaddition,Galaxydeviceownerswillhavefullaccesstoonlinerepairguidesthatprovidebothvisualandwrittenstep-by-stepinstructions,andbestofall,atnocost.“Makingreplacementpartsavailableisakeysustainabilitystrategy.We’reexcitedtobeworkingdirectlywithSamsungandtheircustomerstoextendthelifetimeoftheirphones,”saidCEOofiFixit.Startingtoday,Galaxydeviceownerscanreplacethephonescreen,backglass,andchargingports.Inthefuture,Samsungplanstoexpandself-repairtoincludemoredevicesandrepairoptionsfromourextensiveproductportfolio(档案).Furthermore,theprogrammakesiteasyforconsumerstoreturntheirthrown-awaypartsforresponsiblerecycling,asthenewdisplaykitswillcomewithareturnlabeltoshipthrown-awaypartsbacktoSamsung—atnocosttotheconsumer.Inadditiontotheconvenienceofthesenewself-repairoptions,GalaxysmartphoneownershaveachoiceonhowtheycanextendthelifeoftheirdevicesacrossSamsung’sexpansivecareoptions,including:ThroughSamsung’sperfectcarenetwork,customershaveaccesstoover11,000SamsungMobilecertifiedrepairtechniciansintheU.S.12.WhowilldotherepairworkundertheSelf-Repairprogram?A.TheiFixitcommunity.B.TheGalaxyconsumers.C.SamsungRepairstaff.D.Thedevicesthemselves.13.WhatistheSamsungcompanyaimingtodoaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Topromoteacirculareconomy.B.Tomakefulluseoftheoldparts.C.Toenrichthelifeofthephoneusers.D.ToensurebetterservicebyiFixit.14.Whichofthefollowingisfreeofcharge?A.TheSamsungdeviceparts.B.NewSamsungproducts.C.Thewrittenrepairinstructions.D.Theeasy-to-userepairtools.15.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ANewInventionB.ANewTechnologyC.ASuccessfulCooperationD.AnInitiativepractice

1005【江苏省海安市2022-2023学年高三上学期期初学业质量监测】Climatechangeleadstothreattotheworld’ssandybeaches,andasmanyashalfofthemcoulddisappearby2100,anewstudyhasfound.Evenby2050somecoastlinescouldbeunrecognizablefromwhatweseetoday,with10%to12%facingseriouserosion(侵蚀).Usingupdatedsealevelrisepredictions,theresearchersanalyzedhowbeachesaroundtheworldwouldbeinafuturewithhigherseasandmoredamagingstorms.Theyalsoconsiderednaturalprocesseslikewaveerosion,aswellashumanfactors—likecoastalbuildingdevelopments,allofwhichcanaffectabeach'shealth.Thestudyfoundthatsealevelriseisexpectedtooutweigh(胜过)theseotherfactors,andthatthemoreheat-trappinggaseshumanputintotheatmosphere,theworsetheinfluencesontheworld’sbeachesarelikelytobe.It’shardtooverstatejusthowimportanttheworld'sbeachesare.Theycovermorethanonethirdoftheworld’scoastlines,andprotectcoastalareasfromstorms.Beachesarealsoimportanteconomicengines,supportingrelaxation,tourismandotheractivities.Andinsomeareas,thebeachismorethanavacationdestination.InplaceslikeAustralia,lifenearthecoastrevolves(围绕)aroundthebeachformuchoftheyear.Someoftheworld’smostpopularbeachesarealreadytakingaction.PlaceslikeMiamiBeacharetruckinginthousandsoftonsofsandtopatchup(修复)badlyerodedshorelines,whileothershavebuiltseawallsandbreakwatersinanattempttoholdprecioussandinplace.Butthefinancialandenvironmentalcostsoftheseprojectsarehuge,andscientistssayrisingseasandmorepowerfulstorms,aswellasawarmerclimate,maymakethisalosingbattle.However,theresearchersdidfindthathumanshavesomecontroloverwhathappenstotheworld'sbeaches.Iftheworld’sgovernmentsareabletocontinuecuttingheat-trappinggaspollution,theresearchersfoundthat22%ofprojectedbeachlossesby2050couldbeprevented,anumberthatgrowsto40%by2100ifgreenhousegasesarelimited.8.Whichofthefollowingmainlycausesseriousbeacherosion?A.Higherseas.B.Humanfactors.C.Damagingstorms.D.Waveerosion.9.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?A.Stormsdamageonethirdofworld’scoastlines.B.Significanceofbeachescan’tbeunderestimated.C.Economicactivitiesmaycausedamagetobeaches.D.BeachesaretheonlyeconomicengineforAustralia.10.Howdoscientiststhinkoftheactionstakentoprotectbeaches?A.Costlybutfailed.B.Effectivebutnotenough.C.Orderlybutslow.D.Enormousbutnotconstant.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Actionshavebeentakentoprotectbeaches.B.Beachesarefacingthethreatofdisappearing.C.Lifeincoastalareasmainlydependsonbeaches.D.Thereexistchallengestoprotecterodedbeaches.

1105【江苏省海安市2022-2023学年高三上学期期初学业质量监测】InthevillagesoftheEnglishcountryside,therearestillpeoplewhorememberthegoodolddayswhennoonebotheredtolocktheirdoors.Theresimplywasn’tanycrimetoworryabout.Amazingly,thesehappytimesappearstilltobewithusintheworld’sbiggestcommunity.AnewstudybyDanFarmer,agiftedprogrammer,usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN,showsthattheownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors.SATANcantryoutavarietyofwell-knownhackingtricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin.Farmerhasmadeprogrampubliclyavailable,amongmuchcriticism.Apersonwithevilintentcoulduseittohuntdownsitesthatareeasytostealin.ButFarmerisveryconcernedabouttheneedtoalertthepublictopoorsecurityand,sofar,eventshaveprovedhimright.SATANhasdonemoretoalertpeopletotherisksthancausenewdisorder.SoistheNetbecomingmoresecure?Farfromit.Intheearlydays,whenyouvisitedaWebsite,yourbrowsersimplylookedatthecontent.NowthewebisfulloftinyprogramsthatautomaticallydownloadwhenyoulookataWebpage,andrunonyourownmachine.Theseprogramscould,iftheirauthorswished,doallkindsofnastythingstoyourcomputer.Butlet’slookonthebrightside.Giventhelackoflocks,theInternetissurelytheworld’sbiggest(almost)crime-freesociety.Maybethatisbecausehackersarefundamentallyhonest.Orthattherecurrentlyisn’tmuchtosteal.Orbecausevandalism(蓄意破坏)isn’tmuchfununlessyouhaveaspecialdislikeforsomeone.Whateverthereason,let’senjoyitwhilewecan.Butexpectitalltochange,andsecuritytobecomethenumberoneissue,whenthemostinfluentialinhabitantsoftheNetaresellingservicestheywanttobepaidfor.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph2mean?A.ManyInternetsitesarenotwellprotected.B.Thosehappytimesappearstilltobewithus.C.Theresimplywasn’tanycrimetoworryabout.D.Hackersdon’tactuallybreakintoanInternetsite.13.WhatcanSATANbeusedtodo?A.Topreventhackersbreakingintowebsites.B.ToinvestigatethesecurityofInternetsites.C.ToimprovethesecurityoftheInternetsystem.D.Todownloadusefulprogramsandinformation.14.What’stheauthor’sattitudetoSATAN?A.FavorableB.IndifferentC.CautiousD.Doubtful15.What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A.TopromoteandselltheSATANprogram.B.ToadvocatepeoplefleeingfromtheInternet.C.TomakenetizensawareofthesecurityoftheInternet.D.ToinformnetizensthattheInternetissafewithSATAN.

1206【河北省保定市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】Appleshavealwaysplayedasignificantyetdiverseroleinhistory.Todayapplescontinuetoastonishinmedicine,withheadlinesreportingthatanappleadayreallydoeshavehealthbenefits.In2013,researchersinOxfordsuggestedthateitheranappleadayorastatin(akindofdrug)seemedtobeequallysuccessfulatpreventingheartattacksandstrokesinpeopleovertheageof50.EPICstudy,oneofthebiggeststudiesofitskind,involveshalfamillionpeopleandlooksattheeffectsofeatingfruitandvegetablesondisease.Participantsconsumingatleasteightportionsadayhadanastonishing22%lowerriskofheartdisease,andrisksofsomecancerswereslightlyreduced.However,othercancerswereunaffected,andtherewasnorealeffectondiabetes.Howmightthehumbleapplebedeclaringwaronheartdiseaseandcancertwoofourbiggestkillers?Theanswermightlieinpolyphenols(多酚)inapples,whichisusefulforprotectingthefruitfromdiseaseandalsogivingitcolorandflavor.Theyhavethepotentialtoprotectourbodybyreducingbloodstickinessandcholesterol(胆固醇)levels.Severalstudiesalsoshowareductioninbloodpressurewhenmorefruitandvegetablesareeaten.Furthermore,applescontainafibrecalledpectin(果胶)whichstickstocholesterolinthebody,slowingtheirabsorption.Whatisclearisthattheappleisacomplexmixofcomponents,workingtogetherforthegoodofourhealth.Butcanweeatenoughapplesadaytokeepthedoctoraway?Eatingtoomanymaynotbeagoodidea,especiallywithariskoflastingexposuretolowlevelsofpesticide.Somepeopleareevenallergictoapples,andtheycanwearawayouterlayeroftooth.TheDepartmentofHealth’sadvicetoconsume“5-a-day”(includingbothfruitandvegetables)mightbearealisticstartingpoint.28.Whichofthefollowingdotheresearchersagreewith?A.Anappleadaycansuccessfullycureheartdiseases.BEatingfruitandvegetablescanreducediabetesgreatly.CApplesandmedicinehavesimilareffectinsomecases.D.Thoseeatingappleshavealowerriskofallcancers.29.Whyarepolyphenolsandpectinmentionedinthetext?A.Tomakeacomparison.B.Togiveadviceonhealth.C.Totellwhatapplescontain.D.Toclarifyhowappleswork.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“5-a-day”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Anappleandfivevegetablesperday.B.Fiveapplesindifferenttimeseveryday.C.Twoapplesandthreevegetableseveryday.D.Fiveportionsoffruitandvegetablesperday.31.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Atravelbrochure.D.Anursingreport.

1306【河北省保定市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】Emergingeconomiesstruggledtogrowthroughthe2010sandpessimismcoversthemnow.PeoplewonderhowtheywillpaydebtsduringtheCOVID-19andhowtheycangrowrapidlyastheydidinthepastinaneraofdeglobalisation(去全球化).Thefreshestofmanyanswerstothisissueisthefast-spreadingdigitalrevolution.Thedigitalrevolutionisalreadyasprogressiveinemergingeconomiesasdevelopedones.Amongthetop30nationsbyincomefromdigitalservicesasashareofgrossdomesticproduct(GDP),16areintheemergingworld.Indonesia,forexample,isfurtheradvancedbythismeasurethanFranceorCanada.Andsince2017,digitalincomehasbeengrowinginemergingcountriesatanaverageannualpaceof26percent,comparedwith11percentinthedevelopedones.Howcanitbethatpoorernationsareadoptingcommondigitaltechnologiesfasterthantherich?Oneexplanationishabitanditsabsence.Insocietiesfilledwithphysicalstoresandservices,customersareoftencomfortablewiththemandslowtoabandontheproviders.Incountrieswherepeoplehavedifficultyevenfindingabankoradoctor,theywilljumpatthefirstdigitaloptionthatcomesalong.Outsidershaveahardtimegraspingtheimpactdigitalservicescanhaveonunderserved(服务不足的)populations.Nationslackinginschools,hospitalsandbankscanquicklybridgethesegapsbyestablishingonlineservices.Thoughonly5percentofKenyanscarrycreditcards,morethan70percenthaveaccesstodigitalbanking.It’searlydays,too.AseconomistCarlotaPerezhasshown,techrevolutionslastalongtime.Innovationslikethecarandthesteamenginewerestilltransformingeconomieshalfacenturylater.Now,thefadingeraofglobalisationwilllimitthenumberofemergingmarkets,buttheeraofrapiddigitisationhasonlyjustbegun.Thisoffersmanydevelopingeconomiesarevolutionarynewpathtocatchupwiththelivingstandardsofthedevelopedworld.32.Whatcanweknowaboutthedigitalrevolution?A.Itincreasespeople’sdebtsindeglobalisation.B.Itpreventsemergingeconomyfromdeveloping.C.Itadvancesinemerginganddevelopedeconomies.DItdevelopsmostrapidlyinIndonesiaintermsofGDP.33.Wherearepeoplemorewillingtoacceptdigitalservices?A.Ineconomieslackinginonlineservices.B.Incountriesshortofbasicphysicalfacilities.C.Innationswithadequatestoresandservices.D.Insocietieseasytoaccessdoctorsandbanks.34.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthefutureofdigitisation?A.Stable.B.Hopeful.C.Depressing.D.Challenging.35.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Digitaltechnologysavesemergingeconomies.B.Deglobalisationlimitstechnologyrevolutions.C.Emergingeconomiesstruggleinthepandemic.D.Digitalrevolutiongrowsbetteringlobalisation.

1407【江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期初调研考试】WeareoftenremindedofOscarWilde’ssayingthat“sarcasm(讽刺)isthelowestformofwit”whileforgettingthefollowing“butthehighestformofintelligence”.Parentsorteachersofteenagers,inparticular,mayfindithardtobelievethatitisactuallyasignofaflexibleandinventivemind.Yetthatisexactlywhatpsychologistsandneuroscientistshavebeenarguing.Theyhavefoundthatsarcasmrequiresthebraintojumpthroughnumeroushoops(圈)toarriveatacorrectinterpretation,requiringmorebrainpowerthanliteralstatements.Ifyou’restillnotconvincedthatyourteen’sloveofsarcasmisathingworthcelebrating,considerarecentexperimentfromLiHuang,apsychologistatInsead’sbusinessschoolinFontainebleau,France.Intheexperiment,participantswerepresentedwithacandle,apackofmatchesandaboxoftacks(图钉).Theirtaskwastofindawaytoattachthecandletothewallsothatitcouldbumwithoutdrippingwaxonthefloor.Thecorrectansweristoemptytheboxoftacks,pinittothewall,andthenplacethecandleinsideasolutionthatwillonlycometomindifyouarepreparedtothinkaboutthefunctionsofeachobject.Beforeworkingontheproblemsomeparticipantswereaskedtorecallasarcasticinteraction,whileothersrememberedasincereorneutralexchange.Quiteamazingly,thesarcasticmemoriesmorethandoubledtheparticipants’successrate,fromaround30%tomorethan60%.Itmayinitiallyfeellikeashockwhenparentsnoticetheirchildrenusingsarcasm——asign,perhaps,ofamoreadult-likecynicism(愤世嫉俗)thatconflictswiththeirimpressionsoftheirchildren’syouthfulinnocence.Parentsmayfeelparticularlyhelplesswhendealingwithateenagerwhousesitinalmostallinteractions,asiftheystruggle.toexpressanysincereemotions.Butshouldweblameteensforapplyingthishandytool?Perhapsit’sbetterseenastheusefulpracticeofavitalability.PennyPexman,apsycholinguistattheUniversityofCalgaryagreesanditisforthisreasonthatshehasproducedSydneyGetsSarcastic,astorybookthatprovidesmultipleexamplesofsarcasmandthereasonsitwasused.Inarecentexperimenton5-to6-year-olds,sheshowedthatchildrenwhoreadanddiscussedthestoryfounditeasiertodetectsarcasticstatementsinafollowingtest.8WhydoestheauthorrefertoOscarWilde’swordsatthebeginningofthetext?A.Togiveadefinitionofsarcasm.B.Tostressthesignificanceofsarcasm.C.Toexpresshisconcernaboutsarcasm.D.Toshowthemisunderstandingofsarcasm.9.WhatcanwelearnaboutsarcasticmemoriesfromLiHuang’sexperiment?A.Theytendedtostaylongwithparticipants.B.Theyofferedcluestotheproblemtobesolved.C.Theycouldforceparticipantstofaceproblems.D.Theycontributedgreatlytoparticipant’ssuccess.

1510.Whatmightparentsthinkoftheirchildren’ssarcasm?A.Itshowstheirinnocence.B.Ithelpsthemexpressemotions.C.Itisnotappropriatefortheirage.D.Itallowsthemtobehavelikeadults.11.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Tourgeparentstolearnfromtheirchildren’ssarcasm.B.Toteachparentshowtorespondtotheirchildren’ssarcasm.C.Toshowparentsthepositivesideoftheirchildren’ssarcasm.D.Toremindparentstoteachtheirchildrentousewordsproperly.07【江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期初调研考试】Sincetheearlytomid-2010s,socialmediaappshavemadeapermanenthomeinmanypeople’sphones,andspendingtimeonsocialmediahasbecomeasmuchofadailyactivityasdrinkingwater.Sincesomanypeopleareonitformuchoftheirdays—especiallykids,teens,andyoungadults—thereisincreasedconcernoverwhatsocialmediaisdoingtopeople.Manyarguethatsocialmediaisanunhealthywaytopassthetime,andthatfalseinformationfromonlineiscausingconfusionandpanic.Thistypeofthinghappenswitheverygenerationwhensomethingnewthatpeopledon’tunderstandcomesalong.Somanypeoplethoughtrock-and-rollwasmakingteensmorallybad,whichreallywasn’tthecase.Itisfairtosaythattheteenageyearsarehard,andthatteensneedanescape.Backbeforephones,teenswouldlistentorockmusicasaformofescapism,ortheywouldwatchTV,gotothemovies,skatearound,ordressupincrazyclothes.Unfortunately,allofthosethingsatonepointintimewereblamedforbeingabadinfluenceonyoungpeople.Socialmediaisthenewtuck-and-roll:it’sanewthing,andpeopledemonize(妖魔化)change.Forexample,manybelievethateverythingonsocialmediaappsisfiltered(加滤镜)andthatseeingperfectpeopleandtheirperfectlyeditedlivesoftenleadstolotsofnegativeemotions.However,models,magazinesandmovieshavebeenusingretouching(修整)toolsforphotosandmediasincePhotoshopandotherpost-productionserviceswereinvented.Socialmediahasmadeiteasiertoseemoreeditedpictures,butsocialmediaitselfisn’tmakingpeoplewanttolookacertainway.Peopleshouldacknowledgethatthesepicturesaren’tauthentic,andthepostsaremadetolookgoodonpurpose.Socialmediaishottoblameforbodyconfidenceissueswhenthethingspeoplewanttolooklikearen’tevenrealinthefirstplace.Itseemslikemostissuesaroundsocialmediaareusererrors,likeanyonecomplainingtherearetoomanypeoplebeingaddictedtosocialmedia.However,noteveryoneisaddictedtosocialmedia;peoplewhohaveanygrasponrealitywouldn’tspendeverywakingsecondonthephone.Itisreallyuptotheindividualhowtheyusesocialmedia.Keepingupwiththefloodofposts,stories,andphotostakesalotoftime—manyyoungpeopleadmitthattheyspendhoursontheirphoneseveryday.Yet,thisseemslikeaneasyproblemtosolvewhenthesolutionissimplyclickingoffthephoneacouplehoursearly.Soitisclearthatmoderationisthekeytodealingwithalltheissuesaroundsocialmedia.

1612.Whydoestheauthormention“rock-and-roll”inParagraph2?A.Topredictthefutureofsocialmedia.B.Tounderlinetheadvantagesofsocialmedia.C.Toanalyzewhysocialmediaissopopulartoday.D.Toexplainwhysocialmediaisregardedasnegative.13.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofpostingeditedphotosonsocialmediaapps?A.Disturbing.B.Understandable.C.Intolerable.D.Innovative.14.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutsocialmedia?A.Makethebestuseofit.B.Completelystayawayfromit.C.Prohibityoungpeoplefromusingit.D.Spendreasonableamountsoftimeonit.15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Whatmakesussoaddictedtosocialmedia?B.Whyissocialmediasopopularamongteenagers?C.Shouldwedependonsocialmediaforinformation?D.Isitrighttoblamesocialmediaforalltheproblems?08【河北省邯郸市2022-2023学年高三上学期摸底考试】Toeffectivelyinteractwithhumansincrowdedsocialsettings,suchasmalls,hospitals,andotherpublicspaces,robotsshouldbeabletoactivelyparticipateinbothgroupandone-to-oneinteractions.Mostexistingrobots,however,havebeenfoundtoperformmuchbetterwhencommunicatingwithindividualusersthanwithgroupsofconversinghumans.HoomanHedayatiandDanielSzafir,tworesearchersatUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,haverecentlydevelopedanewdata-driventechniquethatcouldimprovehowrobotscommunicatewithgroupsofhumans.Oneofthereasonswhymanyrobotsoccasionallymisbehavewhileparticipatinginagroupconversationisthattheiractionsheavilyrelyondatacollectedbytheirsensors.Sensors,however,areprone(易于遭受)toerrors,andcansometimesbedisturbedbysuddenmovementsandobstaclesintherobot’ssurroundings.“Iftherobot’scameraismaskedbyanobstacleforasecond,therobotmightnotseethatperson,andasaresult,itignorestheuser,”Hedayatiexplained.“Basedonmyexperience,usersfindthesemisbehaviorsdisturbing.Thekeygoalofourrecentprojectwastohelprobotsdetectandpredictthepositionofanundetectedpersonwithintheconversationalgroup.”ThetechniquedevelopedbyHedayatiandSzafirwastrainedonaseriesofexistingdatasets.Byanalyzingthepositionsofotherspeakersinagroup,itcanaccuratelypredictthepositionofanundetecteduser.Inthefuture,thenewapproachcouldhelptoenhancetheconversationalabilitiesofbothexistingandnewlydevelopedrobots.Thismightinturnmakethemeasiertoserveinlargepublicspaces,includingmalls,hospitals,andotherpublicplaces.“Thenextstepforuswillbetoimprovethegazebehaviorofrobotsinaconversationalgroup.Peoplefindrobotswithabettergazebehaviormoreintelligent.Wewanttoimprovethegazebehaviorof

17robotsandmakethehuman-robotconversationalgroupmoreenjoyableforhumans.”Hedayatisaid.8.WhatisthetechniquedevelopedbyHedayatiandSzafirbasedon?A.Data.B.Cameras.C.Existingrobots.D.Socialsettings.9.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph2?A.Theworkingprocedureofrobots.B.Theabilityofrobotstocommunicate.C.Theexperienceoftheresearchers.D.Theshortcomingsofexistingrobots.10.Whatwillhappenifarobot’scameraisblocked?A.Itwillstopworking.B.Itwillbreakdown.C.Itwillabuseitsuser.D.Itwillmisbehave.11.Whatdoweknowaboutthenewdata-driventechnique?A.Itisconsideredafailure.B.Ithasbeenusedinmalls.C.Itgetssatisfactoryresult.D.Itonlyworkswithnewrobots.08【河北省邯郸市2022-2023学年高三上学期摸底考试】Newhigh-techshoesandinsoles(鞋垫)havebeendevelopedthatcanhelpelderly,sickanddisabledpeoplewalkwithoutfearoffallingover.UnveiledattheWearableTechnologyShowinLondononTuesday,thePathFeelinsolesandPathFindershoesfromU.K.startupWalkWithPathprovidetactile(触觉的)andvisualfeedbacktoassistwalking.“Ifyouwalkandyoudon’thaveagoodfeelingoftheground,you’vegottobeverycareful,youkeepcheckingeverystep,youneedtolookatthegroundandseehowyouputyourlegontheground,”IddoWald,adesignengineeratWalkWithPath,tellsNewsweek.“Pathgivestheconfidenceneededtowalkwithoutfalling.”“Wehadapatientwhosuffersfromaspinalcordinjuryandactuallyhadnofeelingofthegroundatallbuthecouldfeelthevibration.It’sreallyexciting.”PressuresensorsinthePathFeelinsolesprovidetactilefeedbackthatshakesthewearer’sfeetandinformsthemwhenitistouchingtheground.ThePathFindershoesaredesignedspecificallyforParkinson’spatientswhocan’twalksmoothly.Lasersprojectedoutoftheshoesinagreenlineaimtoprovidevisualcluestohelpthesuffererfocusonputtingonefootinfrontoftheother.AccordingtotheNationalParkinsonFoundation,38percentofpeoplewithParkinson’ssufferfromfallseachyear,whileAgeUKestimatesone-in-tenpeopleovertheageof65fallover.Thehopeisthatboththeinsolesandtheshoescanhelpbringthosenumbersdown.Bothproductsarecurrentlyinthetestingstage,withseveralLondonuniversitiesconductingtrials.Earlytestshaveseensomeusersimprovedtheirwalkingbyover50percent.12.HowdothePathFeelinsoleswork?A.Byshakingthewearer’sfeet.B.Bygivingthewearersoundclues.

18C.Byrecordingthewearer’sdata.D.Bycountingthewearer’ssteps.13.Whatistheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedword“vibration”inParagraph4?A.Pain.B.Shake.C.Kick.D.Warmth.14.Whatdoweknowaboutthesmartshoes?A.Theyarepopularamongtheelderly.B.Theyarebeingfurthertested.C.Theywillreplacenormalshoes.D.Theycanmonitorthewearer’shealth.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthistext?A.SmartShoesHaveHugeMarketProspectsB.SmartShoesHelpTreatParkinson’sDiseaseC.SmartShoesMakeWalkingMoreComfortableD.SmartShoesHelptheElderly,SickandDisabledWalk09【江苏省南京市2022-2023学年高三上学期期初考试】Plasticfishingnets,theso-calledghostnets,abandonedyearlyinthesea—about1milliontons—aremorethanjustrubbish;they’reakiller.Fish,seabirds,andturtlesgetcaughtinthenettinganddie,withmorespeciesatrisk.Muchshockedatthis,PranveerSinghRathore,amaterials-scienceengineerandmaterialsR&DmanageratSamsung,andhisteamsetthemselvesthetaskofgivingnewlifetothedeadlynets.Lastmonth,SamsungrevealedanewlineofGalaxyproductsmadeinpartfromrecycledplasticfishingnetsforthefirsttime.Thecompanyestimatesthisyearaloneitcanrecycleover50tonsofocean-boundplasticintothekeycomponentsthatwillgointoitssmartphones,tablets,andcomputers,thustakingabiteoutoftheglobalghostnetsproblem.It’snosmalltasktogivewastefishingnetsasecondact.Thenetsaretypicallymadeofasubstancecallednylonwhichtendstodramaticallydegrade(降解)thelongeritsitsintheoceanandisexposedtothesun.“Thismakesitnearlyimpossibletouseabandonedfishingnetsdirectly,”Rathoreexplains.Besides,high-performancesmartphone,tablet,orPChastobewaterproofandcansurvivesevereweather.Thenyloninthefishingnetsfallsfarshortofthatlevelofdurability(耐用).Todealwiththatproblem,Samsunglastsummerteamedupwithtwopartners:onetocollectandtransformthenetsintotinynylonpellets(颗粒)whiletheothertostrengthentheirtoughnessanddurability.Theendresult:Thepartnershituponaneco-friendlyandhigh-performanceplasticmaterialthat’sbeingusedtobuildthecomponentpartsforitslatestlineofproducts.Forexample,twopartsoftheGalaxyS22mobilephone—thekeybracketandtheinnercover—aremadeofthesefishing-netplasticmaterials.Samsungaimstouseevenmoreupcycledmaterialsinfutureproductlines.“That’sthehopefortheglobeandourmission,”Rathoresmiles.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph2referto?A.Rubbishinthesea.B.Recyclingthedeadlynets.C.Oceanspecies’extinction.D.Ghostnets’threattosealife.

199.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thelowlevelofdurabilityofnylon.B.Thesecondactofwastefishingnets.C.Thegreatdifficultyinreusingghostnets.D.ThepositivecommentonSamsung’sproducts.10.WhatisspecialaboutSamsung’snewGalaxyproducts?A.Theyaremadefromtinynylonpellets.B.Theyputanendtotheproblemoffishingnets.C.Theycanstanduptowaterandsevereweather.D.Theycontainmaterialsrecycledfromghostnets.11.WhatcanwelearnaboutRathore’swork?A.Itmakesplasticeasiertobreakdown.B.ItmarkstheshiftofSamsung’smission.C.Itprotectstheplanetfromchokingonplastic.D.Itraisespublicawarenessofoceanexploration.09【江苏省南京市2022-2023学年高三上学期期初考试】Tofigureoutifwecandieofboredom,wefirsthavetounderstandwhatboredomis.Forhelp,IcalledJamesDanckert,apsychologistwhostudiesboredomattheUniversityofWaterlooinCanada.“Alotofpeoplethinkaboutbeingboredasbeinglazy.Andit’sabsolutelynotthat,”hesays.“Boredpeoplewanttobeengagedwiththeirworld,eagertodosomethingsatisfyingandexciting.Butanyattempttodosoisfailing.”Thatmeansboredomisusuallyveryupsetting.Anditcanhavephysicalconsequences.Inoneofhisexperiments,Danckertmadepeopleextremelyboredbyshowingthemavideooftwopeoplehangingclothestodry.Hefoundthatwhenpeoplegotbored,theirheartsbeatfasterandtheirlevelsofahormonecalledcortisol(皮质醇)wentup,comparedtowhentheywatchedanothervideothatmadethemsad.Thesephysicalchangesweresignsthatboredomwasstressingthemout.“It’snotlikehavingafull-onpanicattack,”Danckertsays.Butit’scertainlyenoughtomakeboredomunpleasant.Let’scomebacktoifboredomcankillyou.Backinthe1980s,scientistsaskedpeoplewhoworkedfortheBritishgovernmentawholebunchofquestions,includinghowboredtheyfeltintheirdailylives.Thestudytrackedtheparticipantsovertime.Whenanyoneofthemdied,thesurveyrecordedthecauseofdeath.In2010,tworesearchersmatchedupthesecausesofdeathwiththeparticipants’levelofboredom.Itturnedoutthatpeoplewhosaidtheyweremoreboredwerealsomorelikelytohavediedofheartdisease.“Weknowthatprolongedexposuretostressisbadforyourhealth,”Danckertsays.Asingleboringdaycan’tkillyou.Butifyou’realwaysbored,thestresscouldaddupintosomethingdangerous.“Ohno,”youmightbethinking.“Schoolisboring,myfriendsareboring,everythingisboring!What’sgoingtohappentome?”Don’tworry,Danckertsays:“Asyougetolder,yougetlessbored,”mainlybecauseyougainmoreindependenceandhavetogetbusytoachieveyourlong-termgoals.Andtrustme:that’sanythingbutboring.12.AccordingtoJamesDanckert,peoplefeelboredbecause________.A.theyaretoolazytodoanythingB.theycan’tgainexcitementinlifeC.theyaretoofrightenedtohaveatryD.theycan’tfullyunderstandboredom13.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?A.Doinghouseworkwillmakepeoplebored.B.People’sheartrateincreaseswithboredom.C.Physicalchangescanleadtoextremeboredom.D.Watchingsomethingsadisaboringexperience.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prolonged”inparagraph3mean?

20A.Continued.B.Repeated.C.Sudden.D.Active.15.WhatdoesDanckertrecommendtosavepeoplefromboredom?A.Dependingonfriends.B.Settinglong-termgoals.C.Keepingyourselfoccupied.D.Trustingpeoplearoundyou.10【湖南省部分校教育联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期入学摸底测】Jeweler,makinganameforherselfinEurope,findsheruniquecraftsmanshipisattractingagrowingaudience,ChinaDailyreports.OnMarch15,theacademiccommitteeofTheMuseumofDecorativeArtsinParishelditsannualroundtableconferencetoexpanditscollection.Itwasrare,but12expertsallagreedonwelcomingFeuilledeGinkgo,thecreationofFengJi,intothemuseumaspartofthepermanentcollection.TheartworkhasbeenshowntothepublicsincethemiddleofApril.ThisisthefirsttimethatajewelryartistfromtheChinesemainlandhasbeenrecognizedbyanationalmuseuminEurope,andattheageof36,Fenghasbecometheyoungestjewelryartistwhoseworkwasincludedinthepermanentcollectionofthiscenturies-oldartpalace.TheinspirationofFeuilledeGinkgocomesfromajourneytoJardindeGiverny,thebotanicalgardenthatinspiredClaudeMonet.“Iwassoenchantedbythespeciesofallexoticplantsandthelayoutofthegarden.EventhedreamIhadtheregavemelotsofideas,”saysFeng.EvelynePosseme,executivedirectorofthemuseum,praised:“Thetalentoftheyoungartistimpressedmesomuchthatwecouldn’tmissthisFeuilledeGinkgo.Comparingtothecenturies-oldartworksthatarepreviouslycollectedbythemuseum,Feng’suniqueartisticstylesymbolizesthefutureofjewelry.”Inherjewelry,createdwithbotanicalelementssuchasginkgoleaves,taroliliesanddahlias,peoplecanseeheradaptationoftheclassicnaturalisticstyle,astylethatoriginatedintheearly19thcenturywhenjewelerswereinfluencedbythedevelopmentofarchaeology,botanyandtheRomanticpoetstoincorporatedecorativepatternsofplantsandfruitsintotheirjewelry.AsthefirstjewelryartistfromtheChinesemainlandwhogotinvited,sheisreadytoshowhercreationatParisAntiquesBiennaleinthecomingNovember.Preparetheworldtobeshocked.28.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.ItwasthefirsttimeforthatMuseumtoholdtheroundtableconference.B.AlltheexpertsdonotagreeonwhethertoacceptthecreationofFeng.C.Feng’smasterpiecebecameacollectionofthatMuseuminherthirties.D.TheartworkcreatedbyFenghasbeenondisplaysinceMarch15th.29.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“enchanted”?A.puzzledB.fascinatedC.shockedD.discouraged30.WhatisthepurposeofmentioningEvelynePosseme?A.Topresentthetalentofyoungartists.B.Tocomparewiththeold-fashionedartwork.C.Topredictthefutureofthejewelrydesign.D.TostressthesignificanceofFeng’screation.

2131.Whatismostlikelytobediscussedafterthelastparagraph?A.Hernewestartworkforthecomingexhibition.B.JewelryartistsfromthemainlandofChina.C.InvitedguestsfortheParisAntiquesBiennale.D.Feng’sstrongdesiretotouraroundtheworld.10【湖南省部分校教育联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期入学摸底测】Despitethefactthatpeoplecan’tremembermuchbeforetheageof2or3researchsuggeststhatinfants(婴儿)canformmemories—justnotthekindsofmemoriesyoutellaboutyourself.Infact,therearelotsofdifferentkindsofmemoriesbesidesthosethatareautobiographical.Therearesemanticmemories,ormemoriesoffacts,likethenamesfordifferentvarietiesofapples,orthecapitalofyourhomestate.Therearealsoproceduralmemories,ormemoriesforhowtoperformanaction,likeopeningyourfrontdoorordrivingacar.But,ifinfantscanformmemoriesintheirfirstfewmonths,whydon’tpeoplerememberthingsfromthatearlieststageoflife?Itstillisn’tclearwhetherpeopleexperienceinfantilelossofmemorybecausewecan’tformautobiographicalmemories,orwhetherwejusthavenowaytoretakethem.Nooneknowsforsurewhat’sgoingon,butscientistshaveafewguesses.Oneisthatautobiographicalmemoriesrequireyoutohavesomesenseofself.Youneedtobeabletothinkaboutyourbehaviorwithrespecttohowitrelatestoothers.Researchershavetestedthisabilityinthepastusingamirrorrecognitiontaskcalledtherouge(胭脂)test.Itinvolvesmarkingababy’snosewithaspotofredlipstickorblush—or“rouge”astheysaidinthe1970swhenthetaskwascreated.Thenresearchersplacetheinfantinfrontofamirror.Infantsyoungerthan18monthsjustsmileatthecutebabyinthereflection,notshowinganyevidencethattheyrecognizethemselvesortheredmarkontheirface.Between18and24months,toddlerstouchtheirownnose,evenlookingembarrassed,suggestingthattheyconnectthereddotinthemirrorwiththeirownface—theyhavesomesenseofself.Anotherpossibleexplanationisthatbecauseinfantsdon’thavelanguageuntillaterinthesecondyearoflife,theycan’tformnarrativesabouttheirownlivesthattheycanlaterrecall.Finally,thehippocampus,whichistheregionofthebrainthat’slargelyresponsibleformemory,isn’tfullydevelopedintheinfancyperiod.32.Whatcouldbethesuitabletitleforthepassage?A.Whethercaninfantsformmemories?B.Howcanpeoplerecalltheirstageof2or3?C.Whycouldn’tinfantskeeptheirearlymemories?D.Whichpartofbrainisresponsibleformemorizing?33.Whywastherougetestcarriedout?A.Totellthedifferencebetweenbabiesofcertainages.B.Toexaminebabies’abilitytorecognizethemselves.C.Toexperimentbabies’actionofusingtherouge.D.Toidentifytheinteractionbetweenbabiesandtheirreflections.34.Whichofthefollowingwouldscientistsprobablydisagreewith?

22A.Babiescanformautobiographicalmemoriesattheageof2or3.B.Thehippocampushasn’tbeenwell-developedintheinfancyperiod.C.Oneofthecausesofinfantilelossofmemoryislackofselfrecognition.D.Babiesbefore2can’trecalltheearlymemorybyusinglanguagesmoothly.35.Whichsectionofamagazineisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Health.B.Entertainment.C.Lifestyle.D.Science.11【河北省名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】OnethingthatsetscyclingapartfrommostothersportsattheOlympicsistechnology.Withtheexceptionofafewothersports,suchassailingandrowing,mosteventsthattakeplaceattheSummerGamesusuallyjustcomedowntotheperformancesoftheathletes.Theytrytoswimandrunfaster,jumpandclimbhigher,liftandhitwithmorestrength.Incycling,thecompetitionissoclose-oftenahundredthofasecondseparatesriders-thatthedifferenceinwinningandlosingcanbefoundinthechain,thewheels,andeventhehelmetthattheychoosetowear.ThatiswhytheUSteammadeheadlinesatRio2016OlympicsGames,whenitrolledoutanewbikedesignthatmovedtheentiredrivechainfromtherightsidetotheleft.Itmightnotcatchtheattentionoftheaveragebicyclists,whoprobablydon’tevennoticewhichsidethedrivechainisontheirownbikes.ButitcausedplentyofoutcryfromtheOlympicCommittee,sinceOlympicrulesstatethatanybikeusedincompetitionmustbemadeavailabletothepublic.ButtheAmericanbike-makerFeltBicyclesonlysoldthenewbikestotheAmericanteam.Theprice?$25,999perbike.ThentheBritishadoptedamoretactful(圆滑的)strategy.ItteamedupwithbikemakerHopeTechnologytocreatesomethingextremelyexpensivefortheTokyoOlympicsGamesthisyear.Theframealonesellsforabout$23,500.Another$12,000forthewheels.Throwingintheexpensivesuits,oilforchains,andsunglassesandshoes,theinvestmentneededtocompeteforacyclingmedalcanbealmostunaffordableformostoftheathletes.8.Whichgamedependslessheavilyontechnology?A.Sailing.B.Rowing.C.Jumping.D.Cycling.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“outcry”inparagraph2mostprobablymean?A.Criticism.B.Praise.C.Excitement.D.Curiosity.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.TheBritishathletesenjoyunfairadvantages.B.HopeTechnologyismorewillingtohelpall.C.HopeTechnologywantstosavemoremoney.D.TheBritishteamhasbrokentheOlympicrules.11.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Politics.B.Sports.C.Advertisement.D.Economy.

2311【河北省名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】Backinthe1980swhenmonkeypox(猴痘)wasstillanextremelyraredisease,scientistskeptwarning:Overtime,themonkeypoxoutbreakswillincrease.Atthattime,therewereonlyabout50monkeypoxcasesayearinWestandCentralAfricawherepeoplecaughtthediseasemainlyfromdirectcontactwithwildanimals.Infectionbetweenhumanswasverylimited.Butin2022,theworldisfacingthefirstinternationaloutbreak,withmorethan5,000casesreportedin44countrieswithinsixmonths.Sohowcouldthescientistsknowinthe1980sthatmonkeypoxwouldgrowinsizeandspreadinternationally?Theirwarningswerebasedonthesuccessfulcampaignagainstsmallpox(天花),oneofthedeadliestdiseasesinhumanhistory,whichkilledupto30%ofthepeopleinfected.Thankstoaworldwidecampaign,smallpoxdisappearedinthelate1970s.However,theendofsmallpoxopenedthedoorformonkeypoxtoemerge.Monkeypox,whosepresentversionkillslessthan1%ofpeopleinfected,iscloselyrelatedtosmallpox.Havingasmallpoxinfection-orasmallpoxvaccine(疫苗)-offersreallygoodprotectionagainstsmallpoxaswellasmonkeypox.Perhapsabout85%protection.Butinthelate1970s,theworldstoppedvacciningpeopleforsmallpox.Sooverthepastdecades,humanresistancetosmallpoxandmonkeypoxhasdroppedsharply.“We’reactuallyatapointwhereourimmunityagainstmonkeypoxisthelowestinthousandsofyears,”saysJoWalkeroftheYaleSchoolofPublicHealth.Withoutsomeresistanceagainstthedisease,peoplearemorelikelytocatchmonkeypoxfromanimalsandspreadittosomeoneelse.Soitistimethatpeoplewhomightcomeintocontactwithinfectedpeoplewerevaccinedformonkeypox.Otherwise,itcouldbecomeapermanentpresenceintheworld,sinceeverytimethere’sanoutbreakthevirushasachancetofigureouthowtospreadmorequicklyamongpeople.Indeed,thisnewoutbreakinEuropemaybeasignthatthevirushaschanged-evenifjustabit-andmaybeincreasingitsabilitytospreadamongpeople.12.Whatcanbelearnedaboutmonkeypox?A.Itcanbemoredangerousthansmallpox.B.Itrarelyspreadfromanimalstohumans.C.Theoutbreakswerenotseriousinthe1980s.D.Scientistsaresurprisedbythepresentoutbreaks.13.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlyfocuson?A.Thecauseofthepresentoutbreaks.B.Thedisappearanceofsmallpox.C.Thepotentialdangerofsmallpox.D.Thetreatmentofmonkeypox.14.WhatmightJoWalkerstronglyadvisegovernmentstodo?A.Killalltheinfectedwildanimals.B.Developaspecialvaccinefortreatment.C.Lockdowntheinfectedcountries.D.Vaccinethoseinpossiblecontactwiththeinfected.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepresentoutbreakinEurope?A.Skeptical.B.Worried.C.Overjoyed.D.Uncaring.