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1、dalejacquette1Introduction:Brentano’sphilosophybrentano’sscientificrevolutionBrentanoisamongthemostimportantyetunder-appreciatedphilosophersofthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies.Heledanintellectualrevolutionthatsoughttoreversewhatwasthenthepreva
2、lentpost-KantiantrendofGerman-AustrianphilosophyinthedirectionofanAristotelianscientificmethodology.Atthesametime,hemadevaluablecontributionstophilosophicalpsychology,metaphysics,ontology,valuetheory,epistemology,thereformofsyl-logisticlogic,philosophi
3、caltheologyandtheodicy,andthehistoryofphilosophyandphilosophicalmethodology.ByrevitalizingAustrianscientificphilosophy,Brentanoandhisschoolsimultaneouslylaidthegroundworkfortwentieth-centuryphilosophyofscienceasitcametofruitioninthelogicalpositivismoft
4、heViennaCircle,fortheGegenstandstheorieorobjecttheoryofAlexiusMeinongandhisstudentsintheGrazSchool,andforphe-nomenology,notablyintheworkofEdmundHusserl,andindirectlyinsuchlaterthinkersasMartinHeidegger,Jean-PaulSartreandMauriceMerleau-Ponty.Beyondthebo
5、rdersoftheGerman-speakingworld,Brentano’sphilosophyhadaprofoundimpactonthecourseofAnglo-Americananalyticphilosophy,asevincedintributestohisinfluenceby,amongmanyothers,BertrandRussell,G.E.Moore,GilbertRyle,G.F.Stout,andRoderickM.Chisholm.Brentanowasborn
6、inGermanytoafamilyofItalianextraction,andspentmostofhisprofessionalphilosophicalcareerinGermanyandAustria.AfterabriefperiodoflecturingattheBayerische-Julius-Maximilians-Universitat-W¨urzburginGermany,hemovedto¨Vienna,wherehebecameaflamboyantandenormous
7、lypopular1CambridgeCompanionsOnline©CambridgeUniversityPress,20062dalejacquetteuniversitylecturer.Duringthistime,hetaughtHusserl,Meinong,AntonMarty,CarlStumpf,ChristianvonEhrenfels(thefounderofGestaltpsychology),andKazimierzTwardowski,amongnumerousothe
8、rs,andhislectureswereattendedbysuchinterestednonphiloso-phersasSigmundFreud.Withhisprominentbeardandelectricde-livery,Brentano’slectureswerestanding-room-onlyevents,inwhichhisaudiencewasstimulated,entertained,andinfusedwiththepowerandex
