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1、外文文献StaffTrainingAfterworkershavebeenselected,theymaystilllacktheskills,knowledge,andabilitiesneedtoperformsuccessfully.Mostworkersrequiretodotheircurrentjobsproperly.Iftheorganizationwishestoplaceitsemployeesinmoreresponsiblepositionsinthefuture,dev
2、elopmentalactivitiesalsohavetotakeplace.StepstotraininganddevelopmentToreceivethebenefits,HumanResource(HR)specialistsandmanagersmustassesstheneeds,objectives,content,andlearningprinciplesassociatedwithtraining.Thepersonwhoisresponsiblefortrainingord
3、evelopmentmustassesstheneedsoftheemployeeandtheorganizationtolearnwhichobjectivesshouldbesought.Onceobjectivesareset,thespecificcontentandlearningprinciplesareconsidered.。NeedsassessmentNeedsassessmentdiagnosescurrentproblemsandfuturechallengestobeme
4、tthoughtraininganddevelopment.Forexample,competitivepressuremayleadtodownsizingandtherestructuringthataccompaniesit.Asaresult,theremainingemployeesmayneedtobemorebroadlytrained.Theindividualemployee’sneedsmaybedeterminedbytheHRdepartment,bysupervisor
5、s,orbyself-nomination.Topinpointtherangeoftrainingneedsanddefinetheircontent,theHRdepartmentusesdifferentapproachestoneedsassessment.Itmaysurveypotentialtraineestoidentifyspecifictopicsaboutwhichtheywanttolearnmore.Ofcourse,thisapproachpresumesthatth
6、osesurveyedknowwhattrainingtheyneed.Fornewemployeesthismethodisnotlikelytobesuccessful.AnotherHR-ledapproachistasksthejobrequires.Then,oncetheyhaveanunderstandingofthosetasks,specificplansaredevelopedtoprovidethenecessarytrainingsothatjobincumbentsca
7、nperformthetasks.TrainingandDevelopmentobjectivesNeedsresultintraininganddevelopmentobjectives.Thesestatedobjectivesthenbecomestandardsagainstwhichindividualperformanceandtheprogramcanbemeasured.Specific,measurable,time-targetedobjectivesgivethetrain
8、erandthetraineespecificgoalsthatcanbeusedtoevaluatetheirsuccess.Iftheobjectivesarenotmet,failuregivestheHRdepartmentfeedbackontheprogramandtheparticipants.LearningPrinciplesIdeally,traininganddevelopmentaremoreeffectivewhenthetrainingmethodsmatchthel
