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ID:6823076
大小:382.00 KB
页数:68页
时间:2018-01-27
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1、ASSUMPTIONGWD-1-Q40:UntilNow,onlyinjectablevaccinesagainstinfluenzahavebeenavailable.Parentsarereluctanttosubjectchildrentothepainofinjections,butadults,whoareatriskofseriouscomplicationsfrominfluenza,arecommonlyvaccinated.Anewinfluenzavaccine,administeredpainlesslyina
2、nasalspray,iseffectiveforchildren.However,sincechildrenseldomdevelopseriouscomplicationsfrominfluenza,nosignificantpublichealthbenefitwouldresultfromwidespreadvaccinationofchildrenusingthenasalspray.Whichofthefollowingisanassumptiononwhichtheargumentdepends?Anypersonwh
3、ohasreceivedtheinjectablevaccinecansafelyreceivethenasal-sprayvaccineaswell.Thenewvaccineusesthesamemechanismtowardoffinfluenzaasjnjectablevaccinesdo.Theinjectablevaccineisaffordableforalladults.Adultsdonotcontractinfluenzaprimarilyfromchildrenwhohaveinfluenza.排除削弱。原来说
4、给小孩注射这种新疫苗对公众健康不会有多大好处,现在就说有好处来削弱。或者理解成GAP。childrenseldomdevelopseriouscomplicationsfrominfluenza=nosignificantpublichealthbenefit弥补这个GAP。这里有一个分类小孩和大人。结论只考虑了小孩,从大人入手。Thenasalsprayvaccineismoteffectivewhenadministeredtoadults.[D]GWD-2-Question11:Manypeoplesufferanallerg
5、icreactiontocertainsulfites,includingthosethatarecommonlyaddedtowineaspreservatives.However,sincethereareseveralwinemakerswhoaddsulfitestononeofthewinestheyproduce,peoplewhowouldliketodrinkwinebutareallergictosulfitescandrinkwinesproducedbythesewinemakerswithoutrisking
6、anallergicreactiontosulfites.喝没有添加S的酒就不会对S过敏。没有添加不等于没有A被加进去某样东西,人们对加进去的这样东西又反映;要消除人们的反应,也要看A本身有没有这样东西。Whichofthefollowingisanassumptiononwhichtheargumentdepends?Thesewinemakershavebeenabletoduplicatethepreservativeeffectproducedbyaddingsulfitesbymeansthatdonotinvolvead
7、dinganypotentiallyallergenicsubstancestotheirwine.反前提Notallformsofsulfiteareequallylikelytoproducetheallergicreactions.横向比较无关。Wineistheonlybeveragetowhichsulfitesarecommonlyadded.无关Apartfromsulfites,therearenosubstancescommonlypresentinwinethatgiverisetoanallergicreact
8、ion.范围扩大Sulfitesarenotnaturallypresentinthewinesproducedbythesewinemakersinamountslargeenoughtoproduceanallergicreact
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