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1、辽宁对外经贸学院论文CHAPTERONETHEINTRODUCTIONOFDANIELDEFOEANDHISNOVEL1.1ABriefBiographyOfDefoeDanielDefoe(1660—1737),theauthorofRobinsonCrusoe,wasthoughtbymanytobethefirsttruenovelistinEnglishliterature.HewasborninLondon,theSOBofaPresbyterianbutcher.Althoughhedidnotgototheun
2、iversity,DefoereceivedagoodeducationinoneofthebestDissentingacademies.Againsthisfather’swillofbecomingapreacher,hebecameahosiermerchantlateranddidmuchcommercialtravelinginSpain,France,HollandandItaly,andthroughlargesectionsofEngland.Hewasverygoodatrunningbusinessan
3、dby1688heownedalargewarehouse,aLondonhomeandacountryresidence.Defoewasalsointerestedinpolitics,takingpartintheDukeofMonmouth’srebellionagainstJamesIIandnarrowlyescapedthepunishment.Mostunfortunatelyhewasforcedintobankruptcyonaccountofthedisastrouslossesinshipping.T
4、hismadehimwonthetrustofthekingandhewasappointedasanunofficialroyaladviserontriteandothermatters.In1702DefoepublishedananonymouspamphlettheshortestwaywiththeDissenterstosatirethememberoftherightwingoftheToryPartyinahumorousway.Becauseofthis,hegotastandinthepilloryfo
5、rtheedays.DefoewroteapoemHymntothepilloryandaskedhisfriendstoprintitandsharedittothepeopleinthestreetonhisfirstappearanceathisfriendstoprintitandsharedittothepeopleinthestreetonhisfirstappearanceatthepillory.Itwonthesympathyofmanypeopleforhiscourageandhumorofhisver
6、se,buthebecamebankruptwhilehewasinprison.Aftercomingout,heissuedaperiodicalTheReviewandbecamepublisher,editor,andreporteruntil1713.Hewasavoluminouswriterofpamphletsandarticlesforthejournals,buthisachievementsinthatrespectwereeclipsedbyAddisonandSteeleintheirpaperfo
7、rTheTatlerandTheSpectator.Butinfact,manyofDefoe’sviewsunderlyinghislaternovelswerealreadyexpressedinTheReview.TheViewcametoallendin1713.ThenhewasputintoprisonagainforhissatiricalpamphletReasonsagainsttheProtestantsuccession,andwas第23页辽宁对外经贸学院论文pardonedbyQueenAnne.A
8、ndaftertheQueenhaddiedin1714,hewasrearrestedagainandthenwassetfreeundertheconditionthatheagreedtoworkforWhigs.’In1719,whenhewasalmostsixtyyearsol