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《2011年职称英语理工类C级完型填空新增文章.doc》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、2011年职称英语理工类C级完型填空新增文章教材第三篇文章WhatIstheCoolestGasintheUniverse?WhatisthecoldestairtemperatureeverrecordedontheEarth?Wherewasthislowtemperaturerecorded?ThecoldestrecordedtemperatureonEarthwas-91℃whichoccurredinAntarcticain1983.Weencounteraninterestingsituationwhenwediscusstemperatu
2、resinspace TemperaturesinEarthorbitactuallyrangefromabout+120℃to-120℃.Thetemperaturedependsuponwhetheryouareindirectsunlightorshade.Obviously,-l20℃iscolderthanourbodycansafelyendure.ThankNASAscienceforwell-designedspace suitsthatprotectastronautsfromthesetemperatureextremes.Thesp
3、acetemperaturesjustdiscussedaffectonlyOurarealofthesolarsystem.Obviously,itishotterclosertotheSunandcolderaswetravelawayfromtheSun.AstronomersestimatetemperaturesatPlutoareabout-210℃.Howcoldisthelowestestimatedtemperatureintheentireuniverse?Again,itdependsuponyourlocation.Weareta
4、ughtitissupposedlyimpossibletohaveatemperaturebelowabsolutezero,whichis-273℃,atwhichatomsdonotmove.Twoscientists,whosenamesareCornellandWieman,havesuccessfullycooleddownagastemperaturebarelyaboveabsolutezero.TheywonaNobelPrizeinPhysicsin2001fortheirwork—notadiscovery,inthiscase2.
5、Whyisthetwoscientists'worksoimportanttoscience?Inthel920s,SatyendraNathBosewasstudyinganinterestingtheoryaboutparticleswenowcallphotons.BosehadtroubleconvincingotherscientiststobelievesohecontactedAlbertEinstein.Einstein'scalculationshelpedhimtheorizewouldbehaveasBosethought——but
6、onlyatverycoldtemperatures.Scientistshavealsodiscoveredthatultra-coldatomscanhelpthemmaketheworld'satomicclocksevenmoreaccurate.Theseclocksaresoaccuratetodaytheywouldonlylose30nesecondevery sixmillionyears!Suchaccuracywillhelpustravelinspacebecausedistanceisvelocitytimestime4(d=v
7、×t).With5thelongdistancesinvolvedinspacetraveltoknowtimeasaccuratelyaspossibletogetaccuratedistance.词汇:Antarctican.南极洲Orbitn.轨道NASA美国国家航空和航天管理局Astronomern.天文学家Pluton.冥王星Photonn.光子Theorizev.推理,使理论化Velocityn.速度注释:1.ourarea:我们的这个区域。指的是太阳系中环地球的宇宙空间。2.inthiscase:在这个案例中。诺贝尔物理奖一般是授予创立某种
8、重大理论或有着重大发现的科学家。在这一案例中,两位科学家不是由于有重大科学发现而
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