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1、FatherofModernBiology:CharlesDarwinCharles（查尔斯）Darwin'swholelifewaschangedbyoneluckychance.In1831,beforehewentonthevoyageoftheBeagle贝格尔号的航程,hewasaveryordinaryyoungmanoftwenty-two.NooneinEngland—certainlynotDarwinhimself—hadanyideaofthefuturehehadbeforehim.HissisterCarolinegavehimhisfirstlesson
2、s.Hewasbothlazyandnaughty（nouty顽皮的）,andeveryonewasgladthathewentawaytoschoolafterhismother'sdeathwhenhewaseight. Charlessoonbecameakeencollector.Hecollectedanythingthatcaughthisinterest:insects（昆虫类）,seashells（贝壳）,coinsandinterestingstones.Hesaidlaterthathiscollectionpreparedhimforhisworkasana
3、turalist. Hewasnotaverycleverboy,butCharleswasgoodatdoingthethingsthatinterestedhim.Healsotookpleasureincarryingoutexperiments.ButhecouldnotlearnLatinandGreekwhichinthosedayswasanimportantpartofeducation.Hewasadisappointmenttohisfather,whowassurethathewouldbringnothingbutshametohimselfandhisf
4、amily. In1825,whenCharleswassixteen,hisfathersenthimtoEdinburgh（爱丁堡re）tostudymedicine,saying：“Asyoulikenaturalhistorysomuch,perhapswecanmakeadoctorofyou.” ButCharlesfoundthelecturesboring,andthedissections(剥离)frightening.ButatEdinburgh，hewasabletogotonaturalhistorylectures.In1826hereadapaper
5、onsea-worms海船蛀虫totheNaturalHistorySociety.Thispaperwashisfirstknownworkonthissubject. ThenhisfatherdecidedtosendCharlestoCambridgeUniversitytostudytobecomeapriest.(牧师)Withhardwork,hedidquitewell.And,inthecountrysidearoundCambridge,hewasabletoshoot,fishandcollectinsects. Heseemedlikelytobecom
6、eacountrypriestlikehundredsofothers,sharinghistimebetweenhisworkandhisinterestinnaturalhistoryandcountrylife.HehadadeepfaithinGodandalastinginterestinreligion.AtthistimehedidnotdoubtthateverywordoftheBible（圣经）wastrue. ThenaletterfromCaptainRobertFitzroy菲茨罗伊changedhislife.Fitzroywasplanningtom
7、akeavoyagearoundtheworldonashipcalledtheBeagle.Hewantedanaturalisttojointheship,andDarwinwasrecommended.ThatvoyagewasthestartofCharlesDarwin'sgreatlifework. InthosedaysagreatmanypeoplebelievedthateverywordwrittenintheBiblewastrue.Darwi
