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1、Lesson4ChemicalReactionEngineering化学反应工程A1Everyindustrialchemicalprocessisdesignedtoproduceeconomicallyadesiredproductfromavarietyofstartingmaterialsthroughasuccessionoftreatmentsteps.每一个工业化学过程的目的是从不同的原材料,经过一系列的处理步骤生产经济所需的产品。2Fig.4-1showsatypicalsituation.图4-1展示了一个典型的情况。3Theraw
2、materialsundergoanumberofphysicaltreatmentstepstoputthemintheforminwhichtheycanbereactedchemically.原料进行了一些物理处理的步骤,使它们能够发生化学反应。4Theythenpassthroughthereactor.然后让他们通过反应器。5Theproductsofthereactionmustthenundergofurtherphysicaltreatment--separations,purifications,etc.-forthefinalde
3、siredproducttobeobtained.产物要经历进一步的物理处理——分离,净化提纯等等,以获得期望的最终产品。B1Designofequipmentforthephysicaltreatmentstepsisstudiedintheunitoperations.物理处理步骤设备的设计在单元操作中研究。2Hereweareconcernedwiththechemicaltreatmentstepofaprocess.在这里我们关心的是一个过程的化学处理步骤。3Economicallythismaybeininconsequentialuni
4、t,sayasimplemixingtank.从经济的角度说,这可能是个不重要的单元,比如说一个简单的搅拌槽。4Moreoftenthannot,however,thechemicaltreatmentstepistheheartoftheprocess,thethingthatmakesorbreakstheprocesseconomical.然而通常,化学处理步骤是一个过程的核心,它决定这个过程经济的成败。C1Designofthereactorisnoroutinematter,andmanyalternativescanbeproposedf
5、oraprocess.反应器的设计不是普通的事,对于一个过程有许多可供选择的建议。2Insearchingfortheoptimumitisnotjustthecostofreactorthatmustbeminimized.寻找最佳的条件,不仅是反应器成本的最小化。3Onedesignmayhavelowreactorcost,butthematerialsleavingtheunitmaybesuchthattheirtreatmentrequiresmuchhighercostthanalternativedesigns.一个设计可能反应器的成
6、本较低,但材料离开装置可能比其他的设计需要更高的处理费。4Hence,theeconomicsoftheover-allprocessmustbeconsidered.因此,必须要考虑整个过程的经济。D1Reactordesignusesinformation,knowledge,andexperiencefromavarietyofareasthermodynamics,chemicalkinetics,fluidmechanics,heattransfer,masstransfer,andeconomic.反应器的设计使用了各个领域的信息,知识和
7、经验,比如热力学,化学动力学,流体力学,传热,传质,和经济学。2Chemicalreactionengineeringis,thesynthesisofallthesefactorswiththeaimofproperlydesigningachemicalreactor.化学反应工程,是这些因素的综合学科,旨在设计出正确的化学反应器。E1Thedesignofchemicalreactorsisprobablytheoneactivitywhichisuniquetochemicalengineering,anditisprobablythisfu
8、nctionmorethananythingelsewhichjustifiestheexistenceof