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时间:2020-03-08
《化工专业英语作业翻译.doc》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、专业英语课后作业翻译Lesson4IntrodutionOrganicChemistry(p59)有机化学简介Becauseofthetremendousnumberoforganiccompoundsknown,andofthemanymorebeingsynthesizeddaily,thestudyoforganicchemistryisnotthestudyofindividualcompounds,itisthestudyofgroupsorfamiliesofcompoundsall
2、closelyrelatedtoeachother.Obviously,theformerapproachwouldbeprohibitive.Oncethestructuralrelationshipsofcertaintypicalmemberofaparticulargrouporfamilyareunderstood,thesestructuralfeaturesareunderstoodforanyoneofthemanymembersofthefamilyeventhoughsome
3、maynotbeknowncompounds,Foreachgroupoffamilyofcompoundsoftencalledhomologoussreiesofcompounds,structurealfeaturesareimprotant.Instudyingorganicchemistry,itisnotenoughtoknowtheidentitiesoftheelementsandhowmanyatomsofeachelementarepresentinagivenmolecul
4、e.Moreimprotantly,theorderinwhichtheseatomsarelinkedtogethertoformthemoleculemustaslobeknown,Oncetheidentitiesoftheelementandthenumberofatomsprsentineachoftheseelementhavebeenestablished,structuralstudiesarequiteimprotant.Theyrequireconsiderableeffor
5、tandingenuityonthepartoftheorganicchemist.因为已知的有机化合物的数目庞大,而且还在逐日合成更多的品种,所以有机化学不是研究单个的化合物,而是把彼此密切相关的化合物按类或族来研究。显然,以前的方法是不可取的,一旦典型的一类特殊化合物被认识,这些结构特征将适用于这类化合物,甚至是一些未知的化合物,对于一类化合物经常称其为同系物。结构特征是非常重要的,只知道分子含有的元素和元素的原子个数是不够的,更重要的是知道原子组成分子的连接顺序,当元素及原子个数被确认之后
6、,结构的研究也是很重要的,这些都需要有化学家的努力和聪明才智。Insummary,thefollowingfourstepsarerequiredinordertocompletelyindentifyanyorganiccompoundisolatedforthefirsttimefromanaturalsourceorproducedforthefirsttimeinthelaboratory:总而言之,为了能完全区别那些第一次从自然资源中分离或是从实验室中生产出来的有机化合物,以下四个步骤
7、是必须的:(1)Isolationofthecompoundfromthemixtureoforganicorinorganiccompoundsamongwhichitmaybefound,followedbyapplicationofappropriatecriteriaofpurity.(1)从被发现的有机或无机化合物中分离出来的物质,运用适当的标准检验其纯度。(2)Establishmentofitsempiricalandmolecularformulasbyuseofappropri
8、atemethodsofqualitativeanalysis,quantitativeanalysis,andmolecularweightdetermination.(2)使用适当的定性、定量分析法和测定分子量来确立实验式。(3)Proposalofastructuralformulaastheresultofappropriatechemicalandphysicalexaminationofthecompound.(3)通过对化合物进行适当的物理和化学测定,从而提出分子的结构式。(4)S
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