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1、HarlemRenaissanceHarlemRenaissanceTheHarlemRenaissancefrom1920to1940broughtnewattentiontoAfricanAmericanliterature.WhiletheHarlemRenaissance,basedintheAfricanAmericancommunityinHarleminNewYorkCity,existedasalargerfloweringofsocialthoughtandculture.Amongthemostf
2、amouswritersoftherenaissanceispoetLangstonHughes.AnotherfamouswriteroftherenaissanceisnovelistZoraNealeHurston,authoroftheclassicnovelTheirEyesWereWatchingGod(1937).CivilRightsMovementeraRichardWrightisbestknownforhisnovelNativeSon(1940),whichtellsthestoryofBig
3、gerThomas,aBlackmanstrugglingforacceptanceinChicagoTheothergreatnovelistofthisperiodisRalphEllison,bestknownforhisnovelInvisibleMan(1952),whichwontheNationalBookAwardin1953.MartinLutherKing,Jr's"LetterfromBirminghamJail".Inthe1970snovelistandpoetAliceWalkerwrot
4、eafamousessaythatbroughtZoraNealeHurstonandherclassicnovelTheirEyesWereWatchingGodbacktotheattentionoftheliteraryworld.In1982,WalkerwonboththePulitzerPrizeandtheAmericanBookAwardforhernovelTheColorPurple.Anepistolarynovel(abookwrittenintheformofletters),TheColo
5、rPurpletellsthestoryofCelie,ayoungwomanwhoissexuallyabusedbyherstepfatherandthenisforcedtomarryamanwhophysicallyabusesher.ThenovelwaslatermadeintoafilmbyStevenSpielberg.The1970salsosawAfricanAmericanbookstoppingthebestsellerlists.AmongthefirstbookstodosowasRoot
6、s:TheSagaofanAmericanFamilybyAlexHaley.Thebook,afictionalizedaccountofHaley'sfamilyhistory—beginningwiththekidnappingofHaley'sancestorKuntaKinteinGambiathroughhislifeasaslaveintheUnitedStates—wonthePulitzerPrizeandbecameapopulartelevisionminiseries.Finally,Afri
7、canAmericanliteraturehasgainedaddedattentionthroughtheworkoftalkshowhostOprahWinfrey,whorepeatedlyhasleveragedherfametopromoteliteraturethroughthemediumofherOprah'sBookClub.Attimes,shehasbroughtAfricanAmericanwritersafarbroaderaudiencethantheyotherwisemighthave
8、received.ToniMorrison(1931-)ToniMorrisonbornFebruary18,1931inLorain,Ohiograndfatherwasbornaslaveherfamilylosttheirlandandwereforcedtoworkintheminesandmillsoftheindustrialize