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1、阅读理解1.细节理解题2.推理判断3.猜词义4.主旨归纳阅读理解方法---猜词义1.根据定义或解释猜测词义这类定义或解释通常由生词后的同位语(从句)或定语从句引出。例:Themodernageofmedicinebeganwiththestethoscope,aninstrumentforlisteningtoapatient’sheartbeatandbreathing.同位语,stethoscope是用来听病人心脏跳动和呼吸的仪器,即“听诊器”。2.根据对比关系猜测词义当句中含有but,ho
2、wever,yet,though,although,ontheotherhand,instead等表示转折意义的词时,前后句含有对比意义,据此可以猜测生词的词义。例:AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknew.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitemodest.incontrast表示对比,supercilious与modest意义相对应,supercilious“傲慢的;目空一切的”。3.根据因果关系猜测词义表示因果关系的信息词有:be
3、cause,so,therefore,thus,so…that等。例:IfoundIwaspayingtoomuchattentiontothejobandthussacrificedmyresttime.Thus因此,sacrifice意为“牺牲;失去”。4.根据同等关系猜测词义表示同等关系的信息词有:and,or,namely,that’stosay,inotherwords等。例:Hissecretofahealthylifehasbeenwellpublicized---noalcoho
4、l,nocigaretteandnoanger.由alivingandhealthylife以及同类名词cigarette可推测alcohol意为“酒精,酒”。5.根据同义词、近义词或反义词猜测词义这类同义词、近义词或反义词往往有and,or,but,however等信息词作暗示。例:Inourcompetitiveworldoftoday,examinationsplayahighlyselectingorfilteringrole.句中selecting与filtering含义相近,可由se
5、lecting(挑选)推测filtering意为“筛选;选拔”。6.根据构词法猜测词义通常用前缀,后缀或合成词。例:Hewasperformingandhistechniquewasunbelievable.Histonewaswonderfulandhisaudiencedeeplylovedhim.unbelievable是由词根believe,前缀un-,后缀-able组成,意为“cannotbebelieved”,即“难以置信的”。7.根据经验或常识猜测词义例:Theheatofsunw
6、armssomeoceanwater.Thesurfaceofthewaterevaporates,formingacloudofwarm,wetairthatmovesupward.“海水因受到光照蒸发,水气上升形成暖湿云团”。由此可知evaporates意为“蒸发”。8.根据上下文猜测词义词不离句,句不离文。例:Thepupilsassembledinfrontoftheschoolhall.Theycametogethertolistentotheheadmasterannouncethe
7、resultofthesportsmeeting.第二句有cametogether(聚到一起),很明显学生们是“聚集到”学校大厅前听校长宣布运动会的成绩。(gettogether,gathertogether)9.根据举例猜测词义这类信息词有suchas,forexample,forinstance等短语。例:Todayyoungcoupleswhoarejuststartingtheirhouseholdoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forins
8、tance,washing-machine,fridgeandcolourTVsets.从forinstance后所列举的例子可知,appliances意为“electricalequipmentusedathome”,即“家用电器”。10.根据标点符号猜测词义这类标点符号通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。例:Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchool,orEnglishLearn