尼科尔森微经练习题 (18).pdf

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1、Chapter20ExternalitiesandPublicGoods299.Inthecaseofanegativeexternality,thesocialmarginalcostwill*a.exceedtheprivatemarginalcost.b.beequaltoprivatemarginalcost.c.fallshortofprivatemarginalcost.d.bearnosignificantrelationtoprivatemarginalcost.300.Aperfectlycompet

2、itivesteelmillthatproduceslargeamountsofapollution(anegativeexternality)will,fromasocialpointofview,producea.toolittlesteel.b.thesociallyoptimalquantityofsteel.*c.toomuchsteel.d.toomuchsteelonlyifitinstallspollutioncontrolequipment.301.Eachofthefollowingprovides

3、incentivestoreduceanegativeexternalityexcepta.mergerwithaffectedfirms.*b.subsidizingconsumptionofthegoodbeingproduced.c.bargainingamongfirms.d.taxationoftheexternality.302.Toreachaneconomicallyefficientoutputlevel,thesizeofanexcisetaximposedonafirmgeneratinganeg

4、ativeexternalityshouldbea.thefirm’smarginalcost.b.thesocialmarginalcost.*c.thedifferencebetweenthesocialmarginalcostandthefirm’smarginalcost.d.thesumofthesocialmarginalcostandthefirm’smarginalcost.303.Whichofthefollowing“externalities”doesnotdistorttheallocation

5、ofresources?I.Anindividual’sunwillingnesstocuthisorherownlawninanotherwiseimmaculatelykeptneighborhood.II.Smokeproducedinanareabyanewfirm,whichraisesthecostsofotherfirms.III.Anewfirm’sbiddingupskilledwagesinanarea,therebyraisingcostsforotherfirms.IV.Anindividual

6、’sunwillingnesstoobtainjobtraining,therebyloweringthetotalGNP.Possiblechoices:a.I,III,andIV*b.IIIandIVc.IIIonlyd.IVonly304.Inperfectcompetition,environmentalexternalitiesneednotdistorttheallocationofresourcesproviding*a.transactioncostsarezero.b.averagecostsarec

7、onstantforalloutputlevels.c.firmsinstallpollutioncontrolequipment.d.thegovernmentsetsrealisticpollutionstandards.305.Indrillinganewoilwellinanexistingoilfield,thefactthatoutputonexistingwellsisreducedmeansthata.existingwellshavenegativelyslopedMCcurves.b.existin

8、gwellsandnewwellsareownedbydifferentpeople.c.existingwellsandnewwellsareownedbythesamepeople.*d.thereisadiscrepancybetweenprivateandsocialmarginalcosts.306.Bargaining