运动强度 心率 最大摄氧量换算——好文.pdf

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1、运动强度心率，最大摄氧量的换算Intensityisanessentialpartofthetraditionalcardiovascularexerciserecommendations.Anoptimalexerciseprescriptionforcompetitivetrainingaswellasforfitnessimprovementisabalancebetweenthefrequency,intensityanddurationofexerciseandanexercisemode.Thelatest

2、recommendationsforhealth-relatedexercise,however,areemphasizingthefrequencyandthetotalamountofexercise,e.g.addingdailystepsoraccumulating1000kcalaweek(PhysicalActivityandHealth1996).MaximalaerobicpowerThebasicvariableintheintensityoftheexerciseismaximalaerobicpo

3、werormaximaloxygenuptake(VO2max).Itisthehighestrateofoxygenconsumptionmeasuredduringmaximalexerciseanda"goldenstandard"ofthecardiorespiratoryfitness.Maximalaerobicpowerisaproductofthecardiacoutputandarterial-venousoxygendifference.Thecardiacoutputisaproductofstr

4、okevolumeandheartrateanditisconstantlychangingduetochangesinstrokevolumeandheartrate.Strokevolumereachesitsmaximumatarelativelylowintensityduringexerciseandtherestoftheoxygenuptakeincreaseisduetoanincreaseinheartrate.Thus,heartrateisanimportantindexofheart'swork

5、andanindicatorofthefunctionsofcardiovascularsystemduringexercise.Theheartrate-oxygenuptakerelationshipislinearwithinanindividualatleastuptosocalled"anaerobicthreshold"(WilmoreandCostill1994).Becauseheartrateiseasilyandnoninvasivelyobtainable,e.g.on-lineduringexe

6、rcisewithmoderntelemetricheartratemonitors,itismorepracticalandusefulforexerciseintensitydeterminationthanoxygenuptake,cardiacoutputorstrokevolume.RestingandmaximumheartratesandheartratereserveHeartrateatrestisdeterminedbyvagaltonus(parasympatheticnervoussystem)

7、.Itaveragesbetween60and85bpm(beatsperminute)inanadultperson.MeasuredrestingheartrateisneededfortheKarvonen-formula(Karvonen1957)fortheheartratereservecalculation(basedonKarvonen1957)andthetargetexerciseheartratedeterminations.Maximumheartrateisthehighestheartrat

8、eachievedinanall-outeffort.Itisveryindividualduetoheredity,fitnesslevelandage.Endurancetraininghasnot,however,beenshowntoinfluencemaximumheartrateonthepopulationlevel