西蒙波伏瓦《第二性》.ppt

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1、SimonedeBeauvoir:IntroductiontotheSecondSexMarch22,2006S.deBeauvoirandJ.P.SartreTheSecondSexWomanasthesecondsexThesecondsexderivedfromthefirstsexWomeninthepositionofthe“other”Whatdoesitmeantobean“other”?IandtheotherWeandtheotherTheSecondSex(1949)BeginningofsecondwaveoffeminismMai

2、nideaofthebookWomenasthesecondsexThesecondsexasderivedfromthefirstsexWomenhavebeendefinedassecondarytomenwhohavebeenseenastheprimarysexDualityofthesexesDualityofsexesinthehistoryofideasThemaleandthefemaleacc.totraditionalunderstandingthatgoesbacktoancientphilosophyThemaleistherat

3、ionalbeing,thefemaledeviatesfromthemaleThomasAquinas:“Thefemaleisanimperfectmale”TraditionalunderstandingofdualityofthesexesMaleRationalityCultureMind,soulTheroleofmenistobepaterfamiliasandgovernsocietyFemaleBodyNatureEmotionsTheroleofwomenistobearandrearchildrenWomenaccordingtot

4、raditionaldualityofthesexesWomenare“dangerous”inthepublicspherebecausetheyare“unprdictable”astheyaredeterminedbytheiremotions(Hegel)WomenshouldnottobeallowedtotakepartinpoliticsWomenshouldkeepsilentinthechurch(ApostlePaul)TraditionaldualityofthesexesandEssentialismAccordingtotrad

5、itionaldualisitictheoriesaboutsexualdifference:SexualdifferenceisunderstoodtobebasedondifferentanatomyofthesexesTheanatomyofwomenpredestinesthemtofulfillcertainrolesWomenarethus“essentially”differentfrommenOldbelievethatthereisawomen’snatureoressenceThisbeliefisthebasisoftraditio

6、nalideasaboutthedivisionofsexualrolesinsocietyEssentialismaboutsexualdifferenceWomen´sessence=womenhavecertainattributes,allwomenandeverywhereandatalltimesThisisbiologicalessentialismAccordingtoitwomenhavebiologicalbasisthatmakesthemcognitivelyandmorallydifferentfrommen(lessratio

7、nalandlessmorallyaccountable)EssentialismEssentialismaboutsexualdifferenceisthereforeaverymuchcriticizeddoctrineImpossibledoctrine:EssencemeansthatallwomenhavetobeinacertainwayIfthereisoneexceptiontothisitisimpossibletotalkaboutessenceofallwomenIsitneverthelesspossbletotalkabouts

8、exualdifference?SexualdifferenceMenandwo