海金沙配子体发育及卵发生的显微观察.pdf

《海金沙配子体发育及卵发生的显微观察.pdf》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。

1、植物研究2014，34(2)：164—169BulletinofBotanicalResearch海金沙配子体发育及卵发生的显微观察郭严冬曹建国李新国王全喜(上海师范大学生命与环境科学学院，上海200234)摘要用光镜观察海金沙(Lygodiumjaponicum)配子体发育和卵发生。海金沙孢子为四面体形，具三裂缝，孢子萌发方式为密穗蕨型(Anemia—type)；配子体的发育形态多样，通常丝状体长至3～5个细胞时通过顶细胞纵分裂发育为片状体，进而发育为心形原叶体，在心形原叶体上可产生精子器和颈卵器。但在培养过程中也可

2、产生l0个细胞以上的丝状体，这种丝状体发育成的片状体和原叶体形态通常不规则，只产生精子器，不产生颈卵器。原叶体发育是铁线蕨型(Adiantum—type)，性器官是薄囊蕨型(Leptosporangiate—type)。切片观察海金沙颈卵器产生于生长点下方表面细胞，经两次分裂形成了顶细胞、初生细胞和基细胞。其中初生细胞再经两次不等分裂产生卵细胞、腹沟细胞和颈沟细胞，此时三个细胞紧密相连，随发育，颈沟细胞和和腹沟细胞退化，卵周围形成了分离腔，光镜观察显示成熟卵细胞上无典型卵膜形成，未观察到受精孔的结构。关键词蕨类植物；海

3、金沙；配子体；卵发生中图分类号：Q944．33文献标志码：Adoi：10．7525／j．issn．1673—5102．2014．02．004DevelopmentofGametophyteandOogenesisoftheFernLygodiumjaponicumGUOYan—DongCAOJian—GuoLiXin-GuoWANGQuan—Xi(CollegeofLifeandEnvironmentSciences，ShanghaiNormalUniversity，Shanghai200234)AbstractGam

4、etophytedevelopmentandoogenesisofthefernLygodiumjaponicumwerestudiedusingmicroscopy．Thesporesaretetrahedralandtrilete．ThesporegerminationpatternistheAnemia-type．Thegametophytedevelopmentshowedvariousforms．Whenthefilamentslengthreached3—5cells，theycanproduceplate

5、bylongitudinaldivisionoftheapicalcell，andfinallyformedtheheart—shapedprothallus，whichcanproduceantheridia(an)andarchegonium(ar)．However，thegametophytecanalsopmduce10cell·lengthedfilaments．Thesefilamentsusuallyproduceirregularprothallus，whichcanproduceantheridiaa

6、nddonotpmducearchegonia．ThedevelopmentoftheprothallusistheAdiantum-type．SexorgansaretheLeptosporangiate—type．Sectionsobservationsshowedthatthearchegoniumdevelopsfromasuperficialinitialcellunderthegrowthpoint．Twodivisionsoftheinitialcellresultinatierofthreecells，

7、i．e．theuppercell，primarycellandbasalcel1．Theprimarycellfinallydevelopsintoaneckcanalcell，aventralcanalcellandaneggbytwounequaldivisions．Thesethreecellswerecloselyassociatedwitheachother．Thentheneckcanalcellandtheventralcanaldegeneratedgradually．Aseparationcavity

8、wasformedaroundthematuredegg．Lightmicroscopeobservationshowedthatnotypicaleggenvelopewasformedinthesurfaceoftheeggandnofertilizationporewasobservedinthematuredegg．Key