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1、Unit4Whatwouldyoudo快乐学案Ⅰ.概念:(1)定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。(2)先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。(3)引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用:1)引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;2)必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)常用的关系代词:that(在从句中作主语,宾语,表语;可指人或物),which(在从句中作主语,宾语,表语或定语;只可指
2、物),who(主格,在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;只可指人),whom(宾格,在从句中作宾语;只可指人),whose(属格,在从句中作定语,可指人或物),as(在从句中作主语,宾语,表语;可指人或物,通常指代事);but(文语,置于否定词之后=that/who…not…,"没有……不……",在从句中作主语,宾语)常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语):when(时间状语),why(原因状语),where(地点状语),how(方式状语)(4)句子成分:主语---谓语动词前;宾语-介宾或及物动词的宾语;表语-be动词后或系动词后;状语
3、-时间状语、地点状语、原因状语,etc.例如:1.ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.(Who12做关系代词引导定语从句,修饰先行词student,who在从句中用作主语.)2.Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.(Why做关系副词,修饰先行词reason,why在从句中作原因状语.)3.Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother.(Whom做关系代词,修饰先行词boy,whom在从句中作宾语.)4.I'dlikearoomwhosewin
4、dowlooksoutoverthesea.(Whose做关系代词,修饰先行词room,whose在从句中用作定语,可代之以ofwhich)定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);第三选择合适的关系词Ⅱ.几个关系代词的基本用法:一、that:可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语)如:1.Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficultt
5、oread.(主语)2.Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow?3.Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.(宾语)4.Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout?5.Hereistheman(who/whom/that)youwanttosee.6.She'snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.(表语)7.Ourhometownisnolongertheone(that)itu
6、sedtobe.=Ourhometownisnotthesameasitusedtobe.=Ourhometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe.=Ourhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.12二、which:指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。如:1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.(主语)2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.(宾语)3.Thef
7、actoryinwhichhisfatherworksisfarfromhere.4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.(表语)5.Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.(定语)6.Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.三、who,whom,whose:who:主格,在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;只可指人whom:宾格,在从句中作宾语;只可指人whose:属格,在从句
8、中作定语,可指人也可指物。1.Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.(主语)2.Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.(代词如h