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1、#340#药物不良反应杂志2008年10月第10卷第5期ADRJ,October,2008,Vol10.No.5微生态制剂的安全性及其临床应用张海英吕欣李玉珍(北京大学人民医院药剂科,北京100044)摘要微生态学是一门研究微生物和宿主相互关系的生命科学分支。近年,由于微生态学的发展涌现出许多微生态制剂。它可调节微生态失调,保持微生态平衡,提高宿主健康水平。微生态制剂包括益生菌(活菌)、益生元(不为宿主消化的食物成分)及合生元(益生菌和益生元的混合物)三类。它适用于腹泻(包括儿童腹泻、抗生素相关性腹泻及旅行者腹泻等)、肠易激综合征、炎症性肠病、幽门螺旋杆菌感染、便秘、肝硬化、过敏及女性泌尿生殖
2、道感染等疾病。微生态制剂相对比较安全;但免疫力低下及肠道黏膜屏障受损的患者应避免使用活菌制剂以免发生机会感染。使用这类制剂时一般应注意以下几方面:¹用<40e温开水送服;º活菌制剂避免与铋剂、鞣酸、活性炭、酊剂及某些抗生素同服;»低温避光贮存。关键词微生态制剂;安全性;临床应用中图分类号:R978.16文献标识码:A文章编号:1008-5734(2008)5-0340-06SafetyandclinicaluseofmicroecologicalpreparationsZhangHaiying,LvXin,LiYuzhen(DepartmentofPharmacy,People.sHospit
3、alofPekingUniversity,Beijing100044,China)ABSTRACTMicroecologyisabranchofvitalscienceforresearchintherelationshipofmicroorganismswiththehosts.Recently,microecologicalpreparationsareemerginginlargenumberswiththeadvanceofmicroecology.Themicroecologicalpreparationscanregulatemicroecosystemdysbiosis,main
4、tainmicroecosystembalance,andconferahealthbenefitonthehost.Themicroecologicalpreparationscanbeclassifiedintothreetypes:probiotics(livemicroorganisms),prebiotics(nondigestiblefoodingredient),andsynbiotics(amixtureofprobioticsandprebiotics).Theindicationsformicroecologicalpreparationsarediarrhea(inclu
5、dingdiarrheainchildren,antibiotic-associateddiarrhea,andtraveller'sdiarrhea),irritablebowelsyndrome,inflamematoryboweldisease,Helicobacterpyloriinfections,constipation,cirrhosis,allergy,andfemalegenitalurinarytractinfections.Themicroecologicalpreparationsarerelativelysafe.However,themicroecologicalp
6、reparationscontaininglivemicroorganismsshouldbeusedincautioninpatientswithhypoimmunityorimpairedintestinalmucosalbarrierinordertoavoidopportunisticinfectionsoccurring.Generalprecautionsfortheuseofmicroecologicalpreparationsareasfollows:thetablet/capsuleshouldbeswallowedwithwarmwater(atatemperatureun
7、der40e);bismuthpreparations,tannicacid,activatedcharcoa,ltincture,andcertainantibioticsincombinationwithmicroecologicalpreparationscomprisinglivemicroorganismsshouldbeavoided;themicroecologicalprepara
