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1、第二章非线性方程的数值解法Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.简介(Introduction)我们知道在实际应用中有许多非线性方程的例子,例如(1)在光的衍射理论(thetheoryofdiffractionoflight)中,我们需要求x-tanx=0的根(2)在行星轨道(planetaryorbits)的计算中,对任意的a和b,
2、我们需要求x-asinx=b的根(3)在数学中,需要求n次多项式xn+a1xn-1+...+an-1x+an=0的根求f(x)=0的根Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.§2.1对分区间法(BisectionMethod)原理:若f(x)C[a,b],且f(a)·f(b)<0,则f(x)在(a,b)上必有一根。Evaluation
3、only.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.abx1x2a1b2x*b1a2停机条件(terminationcondition):或Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.误差分析:第1步产生的有误差
4、第k步产生的xk有误差对于给定的精度,可估计二分法所需的步数k:Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.例1用二分法求在(1,2)内的根,要求绝对误差不超过解:f(1)=-5<0有根区间中点f(2)=14>0-(1,2)+f(1.25)<0(1.25,1.5)f(1.375)>0(1.25,1.375)f(1.313)<0(1.313
5、,1.375)f(1.344)<0(1.344,1.375)f(1.360)<0(1.360,1.375)f(1.368)>0(1.360,1.368)f(1.5)>0(1,1.5)Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.12例2,求方程f(x)=x3–e-x=0的一个实根。因为f(0)<0,f(1)>0。故f(x)在(0,1)内有根用
6、二分法解之,(a,b)=(0,1)’计算结果如表:kabkxkf(xk)符号0010.5000-10.5000-0.7500-20.7500-0.8750+3-0.87500.8125+4-0.81250.7812+5-0.78120.7656-60.7656-0.7734+7-0.77340.7695-80.7695-0.7714-90.7714-0.7724-100.7724-0.7729+取x10=0.7729,误差为
7、x*-x10
8、<=1/211。Evaluationonly.Creat
9、edwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Remark1:求奇数个根Findsolutionstotheequationontheintervals[0,4],Usethebisectionmethodtocomputeasolutionwithanaccuracyof10-7.Determinethenumberofiterationstouse..Evaluationonl
10、y.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.[0,1],[1.5,2.5]and[3,4],利用前面的公式可计算迭代次数为k=23.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Remark2:要区别根与奇异点C