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1、ChapterC10CORONAVIRUSRECEPTORSFumihiroTaguchiNationalInstituteofNeuroscience,NCNP,4-1-10gawahigashi,Kodaira,Tokyo187-8502,JapanAbstract:Themajorreceptorformurinecoronavirus,mousehepatitisvirus(MHV),isidentifiedasaprotein,cell-adhesionmolecule1inthecarci
2、noembryonicantigenfamily(CEACAM1),whichisclassifiedintheimmunoglobulinsuperfamily.TherearefourCEACAMIisoforms,witheitherfourortwoectodomains,resultingfromanalternativesplicingmechanism.CEACAMIisexpressedontheepitheliumandinendothelialcellsofavarietyofti
3、ssuesandhemopoieticcells,andfunctionsasahomophilicandheterophilicadhesionmolecule.Itisusedasareceptorforsomebacteriaaswell.TheNterminaldomainparticipatesinmediatinghomophilicadhesion.ThisdomainisalsoresponsibleforbindingtotheMHVspike(S)protein;theCC'fac
4、eprotrudinginthisdomaininteractswithanNterminalregionoftheSproteincomposedof330aminoacids(calledS1N330).ThebindingofCEACAMIwithMHVSproteininducesSproteinconformationalchangesandconvertsfusion-negativeSproteintoafusion-positiveform.TheallelicformsofCEACA
5、M1foundamongmousestrainsarethoughttobeanimportantdeterminantformousesusceptibilitytoMHV.Keywords:CEACAMl,celladhesionmolecule,carcinoembryonicantigen,mousehepatitisvirus1.INTRODUCTIONTheCoronavirusfamilyincludesanumberofdifferentvirusesthatinfectavariet
6、yofanimalspecies,causingnumerousdiseases,mainlyinorgansoftheenteric,respiratoryandcentralnervoussystems.Theyare822ChapterCIOclassifiedintothreedistinctgroupsintermsofserologicalcross-reactivityandsequencehomology.Group1consistsofporcinetransmissiblegast
7、roenteritisvirus,humancoronavirus(HCoV)229E,felineinfectiousperitonitisvirusandsoon.GroupIIincludesmousehepatitisvirus(MHV),HCoV-OC43,bovinecoronavirusandsomeothers.GroupIIIiscomprisedofaviancoronaviruses;infectiousbronchitisvirusandturkeycoronavirus.Al
8、lofthesevirusesinfectanimalsinahighlyspecies-specificfashion,althoughsomeofthemcanexperimentallyinfectanimalsdifferentfromtheirnaturalhosts.ThereceptorproteinforgroupIviruseshasbeenrevealedtobeanaminopeptidaseN,whilethereceptorfo
