托福听力试题.doc

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PRACTICETOEFLiBTLISTENINGSECTIONThissectionmeasuresyourabilitytounderstandconversationsandlecturesinEnglish.Youshouldlistentoeachconversationandlectureonlyonetime.Aftereachconversationorlecture,youwillanswersomequestionsaboutit.Thequestionstypicallyaskaboutthemainideaandsupportingdetails.Somequestionsaskaboutaspeaker’spurposeorattitude.Answerthequestionsbasedonwhatisstatedorimpliedbythespeakers.Youmaytakenoteswhileyoulisten.Youmayuseyournotestohelpyouanswerthequestions.Yournoteswillnotbescored.Insomequestions,youwillseethisicon:PLAY-AudioThismeansthatyouwillhear,butnotsee,partofthequestion.Mostquestionsareworth1point.Ifaquestionisworthmorethan1point,itwillhavespecialdirectionsthatindicatehowmanypointsyoucanreceive.Youwillhave55MinutestolistentotheConversationsandLecturesandtoanswerthequestions.Youshouldanswereachquestion,evenifyoumustguesstheanswer.ListentoTrack11ontheCD.PLAY-AudioQuestionsDirections:Markyouranswerbyfillingintheovalnexttoyourchoice.1.Whydoesthestudentgotoseetheprofessor?○Toprepareforhergraduateschoolinterview○Togetadviceabouthergraduateschoolapplication○Togivetheprofessorhergraduateschoolapplication○Tofindoutifshewasacceptedintograduateschool2.Accordingtotheprofessor,whatinformationshouldthestudentincludeinherstatementofpurpose?Choose2answers.□Heracademicmotivation□Herbackgroundinmedicine□Somepersonalinformation□Thewaysherteachershaveinfluencedher3.Whatdoestheprofessorconsiderunusualaboutthestudent’sbackground?○Herworkexperience○Hercreativewritingexperience○Herathleticachievements○Hermusictraining4.Whydoestheprofessortellastoryabouthisfriendwhowenttomedicalschool?○Towarnthestudentabouthowdifficultgraduateschoolcanbe○Toillustrateapointheismaking○Tohelpthestudentrelax○Tochangethesubject5.Whatdoestheprofessorimplyaboutthepeoplewhoadmitstudentstograduateschool?○Theyoftenlackexpertiseinthefieldsoftheapplicants.○Theydonotusuallyreadthestatementofpurpose.6 ○Theyareinfluencedbytheappearanceofanapplication○Theyremembermostoftheapplicationstheyreceive.ListentoTrack12ontheCD.PLAY-AudioQuestions6.Whatarethestudentsmainlydiscussing?○Drugsthatareharmfultothehumanbody○Bacteriathatproduceantibiotics○DNAthatisrelatedtoathleticperformance○Genesthatprotectbacteriafromantibiotics7.Listenagaintopartoftheconversationbyplayingtrack13Thenanswerthequestion.○Tofindoutifthemanhasdonehisassignment○Toaskthemantofindoutifthelibraryisopen○Toletthemanknowthatshecannotstudymuchlonger○Toaskifthemanhasevermetherroommate8.Accordingtotheconversation,whyaretransposessometimescalled“jumpinggenes”?○Theyareabletomovefromonebacteriacelltoanother.○Theyarefoundinpeoplewithexceptionaljumpingability.○Theyoccurineveryothergenerationofbacteria.○Theirmovementsarerapidandunpredictable.9.Accordingtotheconversation,whataretwowaysinwhichbacteriacellsgetresistancegenes?Choose2answers.□Theresistancegenesarecarriedfromnearbycells.□Theresistancegenesarecarriedbywhitebloodcells.□Theresistancegenesareinheritedfromtheparentcell□Theresistancegenesarecarriedbyantibiotics.10.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheresistancegenesdiscussedintheconversation?○Theyarefoundinallbacteriacells.○Theyarenotabletoresistantibiotics.○Theymakethetreatmentofbacterialdiseasesmoredifficult○Theyareessentialtothebody’sdefensesagainstbacteria.ListentoTrack14ontheCD.PLAY-AudioQuestions11.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?○Acommonmethodofmanagingwatersupplies○Theformationofundergroundwatersystems○Naturalprocessesthatrenewwatersupplies○Maintainingthepurityofundergroundwatersystems12.Whatistheprofessor’spointofviewconcerningthemethodof“safeyield”?○Ithashelpedtopreservetheenvironment.○ItshouldberesearchedinstatesotherthanArizona○Itisnotaneffectiveresourcepolicy.6 ○Itignoresthedifferentwayspeopleusewater.13.Accordingtotheprofessor,whataretwoproblemsassociatedwithremovingwaterfromanundergroundsystem?Choose2answers.□Pollutantscanenterthewatermorequickly.□Thesurfaceareacandryandcrack.□Theamountofwaterstoredinthesystemcandrop□Dependentstreamsandspringscandryup.14.Listenagaintopartofthelecturebyplayingtrack15PLAY-AudioThenanswerthequestion.○Tofindoutwhetherthestudentsarefamiliarwiththeissue○Tointroduceanewproblemfordiscussion○Torespondtoastudent’squestion○Toencouragethestudentstocareaboutthetopic15.Whatisakeyfeatureofasustainablewatersystem?○Itisabletosatisfyshort-termandlong-termneeds.○Itisnotaffectedbychangingenvironmentalconditions○Itusuallyoriginatesinlakes,springs,orstreams.○Itisnotusedtosupplyhumanneeds.16.Whatdoestheprofessorimplyaboutwatersystemsmanagedbythe“safeyield”method?○Theyrechargeatarapidrate.○Theyarenotsustainable.○Theymusthavelargestorageareas○TheyprovideapoorqualityofwaterListentoTrack16ontheCD.PLAY-AudioQuestions17.WhydoestheprofessortalkaboutPlato’sdescriptionofsociety?○Toexplainwhysocietiesfacecertainproblems○TopointoutproblemswithPlato’sethicaltheory○TointroducestudentstothepoliticalstructureofancientGreece○TohelpexplainPlato’sviewaboutthenatureofthehumansoul18.Listenagaintopartofthelecturebyplayingtrack17.PLAY-AudioThenanswerthequestion.○Itmaybefamiliartosomeofthestudents.○Itwillbediscussedinmoredetailinalaterclass○Itisnotaninterestingtheory.○Itisnotaverycomplicatedtheory.19.Listenagaintopartofthelecturebyplayingtrack18.PLAY-AudioThenanswerthequestion.○Tofindoutifstudentshaveunderstoodwhatshejustsaid○Tosuggestananswertoaquestionthatshejustasked○ToexpressdisagreementwithapointmadebyPlato○Toexplainwhyharmonyisdifficultforasocietytoachieve6 20.WhataretwopointsthatreflectPlato’sviewsabouteducation?Choose2answers.□Allpeoplecanbetrainedtobecomeleaders.□Allpeopleshouldlearntousetheirintellect.□Leadersshouldberesponsiblefortheeducationofworkersandsoldiers□Allpeopleshouldlearnaboutthenatureofthehumansoul.21.Basedoninformationinthelecture,indicatewhetherthestatementsbelowabouthumanemotionreflectbeliefsheldbyPlato.Foreachsentence,putacheckmarkintheYESorNOcolumn.YESNOEmotionisusuallycontrolledbythefacultyofdesire.Emotionoughttobecontrolledbythefacultyofintellect.Emotioniswhatmotivatessoldiers.22.AccordingtoPlato,whatisthemaincharacteristicofagoodorjustperson?○Thepartsoftheperson’ssoulexistinharmony.○Thepersondoesnottrytocontrolotherpeople.○Theperson’srelationshipswithotherpeopleareharmonious.○Thepersondoesnotactinanemotionalmanner.Listentotrack19ontheCD.PLAY-AudioQuestions23.Whatisthemaintopicofthelecture?○Thesizeofrootsystems○Varioustypesofrootsystems○Thenutrientsrequiredbyryeplants○Improvingtwotypesofplantspecies24.Accordingtotheprofessor,whydidonescientistgrowaryeplantinwater?○Toexposetherootstosunlight○Tobeabletofertilizeitwithgas○Tobeabletoseeitsentirerootsystem○Toseehowmineralspenetrateitsroots25.Listenagaintopartofthelecturebyplayingtrack20.PLAY-AudioThenanswerthequestion.○Shewantedtocorrectthewordingofapreviousstatement.○Shewishesshedidnothavetobubblegasthroughit.○Sherealizedtheodorofgascouldbeunpleasant.○Sheforgottotellthestudentsaboutastepintheexperiment26.Theprofessormentionshouseplantsthatreceivetoomuchwater.Whydoesshementionthem?○Toshowthatmanydifferenttypesofplantscangrowinwater○Toexplainwhyplantsgrowninwatershouldhaveagasbubbledthroughthem6 ○Toremindthestudentsoftheimportanceoftheirnextexperiment○Tomakeapointaboutthelengthofhouseplants’roots27.Listenagaintopartofthelecturebyplayingtrack21.PLAY-AudioThenanswerthequestion.○Whyamistakemadeintextbookswasnevercorrected○Whyshedoesnotbelievethattherootsofryeplantsextendto1,000km○Howtherootsofryeplantsdeveloptosuchagreatlength○Howplantsgrowninwatermakeuseoffertilizer28.Accordingtotheprofessor,whatsimilarityistherebetweencrabgrassandryeplants?○BothstartgrowinginthemonthofMay.○Bothhaverootsystemsthatrequirealotofwater○Bothhavemoreshootsurfacethanrootsurface.○Bothproducemanyshootsfromasingleseed.Listentotrack22ontheCD.PLAY-AudioQuestions29.Whatisthelecturemainlyabout?○Technologicalinnovationsintheautomobileindustry○Theorganizationalstructureofcompanies○Waystoimproveefficiencyinanengineeringdepartment○Methodsofresolvingconflictsinorganizations30.Whydoestheprofessortalkaboutaconstructioncompanythathasworkindifferentcities?○Togiveanexampleoffunctionalorganization○Togiveanexampleoforganizationaroundprojects○Toillustrateproblemswithfunctionalorganization○Toillustratethetypesofconflictthatcanariseincompanies31.Listenagaintopartofthelecturebyplayingtrack23.PLAY-AudioThenanswerthequestion.○Hedoesnotunderstandwhythestudentistalkingaboutengineers.○Hewantstoknowhowtheengineerswillcommunicatewiththeircoworkers○Thestudenthasnotprovidedacompleteanswertohisquestion.○Hewantsthestudenttodomoreresearchonthetopic.32.Whatisanexampleofaviolationofthe“unityofcommand”principle?○Morethanonepersonsupervisesthesameemployee.○Acompanydecidesnottostandardizeitsproducts.○Severalprojectmanagersareresponsiblefordesigninganewproduct○Anemployeedoesnotfollowasupervisor’sinstructions.33.Accordingtotheprofessor,wheremighttherebeaconflictinanorganizationalstructurebasedonbothprojectsandfunction?○Betweenarchitectsandfinanceexperts○Betweentheneedtospecializeandtheneedtostandardize○Betweentwoengineerswhoworkonthesameproject○Betweentheneedsofprojectsindifferentcities34.Indicatewhethereachsentencebelowdescribesfunctionalorganizationorprojectorganization.6 Placeacheckmarkinthecorrectbox.FunctionalOrganizationProjectOrganizationItencouragespeoplewithsimilarexpertisetoworkcloselytogether.Ithelpsthecompanytoadaptquicklyandmeetchangingneeds.Ithelpstoachieveuniformityinprojects.6