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1、实用阶梯英语阅读教程（旅游篇I）Unit11ArtsandCultureSectionAIntensiveReadingChineseOperasTheearliestknowntheatreappearedintheSongDynasty(A.D.960to1279)withasquarestageenclosedbyrailings.DuringtheperiodoffirstemperorKublaiKhanintheYuanDynasty(A.D.1279to1368)theoperahadevolutionalchangesandtheperi
2、odwasclassifiedastheGoldenageoftheClassicalOpera.Ingeneral,therearedozensofofschoolsoftraditionalChineseoperas,usingthedialectsofdifferentareas.Themostnoticeableonesare:PekingOpera,KunOpera,HuangmeiOpera,YueOpera,ShaoxingOpera,YuOpera,ChuanOpera,PingOpera,HebeiBangzi,HenanBangzi,
3、ChaoOpera,etc.PekingOperaKnownasChina'snationalopera,PekingOperaisasynthesisofmusic,dance,artandacrobatics.TheoperaticdialoguesandmonologuesarerecitedinBeijingdialect.ItisthemostinfluentialandrepresentativeofalloperasinChina.SectionAIn1790,animperialedictwasissuedtosummonthefourm
4、ajorAnhuiOperatroupestogotoBeijingtoperformandcelebratethe80thbirthdayofEmperorQianlongoftheQing.ThelyricsoftheAnhuiOperaweresoeasytounderstandthattheoperasooncaptivatedtheaudienceofthecapitalcity.BasedupontraditionalAnhuiOpera,ithasalsoadoptedthestrengthsfromKunOperaandQinqiangO
5、peraaswellastraditionalfolktunesinitsdevelopment.ThejinghuisthebackboneofthePekingOperaorchestras.Therearefourrolesingeneral:themale,thefemale,the"paintedface",andtheclown,whicharefurtherclassifiedbyageandprofession.Toforeignfriends,maybethemostattractingcharmofPekingOperaisthego
6、rgeousdressing.Colorfulfacialpaintingsaredressedaccordingtocharacters’personality.Theredonessuggestroyaltyandjustice;theblackonesmeansrectitude,andsometimesimpertinence;theyellowonesexpressatrocity;theblueorgreenonesdescribeimpetuosityandlackofself-restraint,whilethewhiteonesimpl
7、ytreacherouscourtofficial.Allthesepaintingsstrengthenthepeople’scharactersandbringmorevisualenjoyment.SectionAKunOperaKunOperaoriginatedintheKunshanregionofJiangsu.ItisoneofChina'sclassicaloperas,withahistoryofmorethan500years.DuringthereignofEmperorJiajing,MingDynasty(1368-1644)
8、,WeiLiangfu,afamousmusician,combinedthee
