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1、ETS范文提炼模板(参考P16)Thenotion/statement/conception/conceptthat……seems/appearsatfirstglance/tobeanobvious/Firstofall/tobeginwith/asmentionedintheargument,……(逻辑缺陷).Thestatisticsabout/on……wouldbemoreaccurate/convincing/persuasive/convictive/eloquentif…….Theargumentaboveisweaken
2、ed/crippled/impairedbythefactthatitfailsto/doesnottakeintoaccount…….Also/Inaddition/Additionally/Besides/Furthermore,thestatistics/data/figuresabovearebasedentirely/solelyon…….Thestatisticsalsodoesnotdifferentiatebetween…and….Theconclusionthat…suggests/indicates/demonstr
3、ates/revealsthatitispresumedthat….Thisisusuallynotthecase/thisisnotnecessarilythecase.Giventhat…,…(事实的原因).Finally,thereisapparently/obviously/inherentlynosufficient/adequateevidencetotestify/sustainthat…….Forexample…Tosumup,thisargumentfailstosubstantiate/authenticate/ve
4、rifyhisstatementthat……,fortheevidencecitedintheanalysis/passagedoesnotleadstrongsupporttowhatthesurveyorclaims/argues/states/maintains.Totaketheclaimmoreconvincing/persuasive,thespeaker/authorneedstoprovide/offermoreinformationwithregardto/concerning…….(尽量不用not可用failto;f
5、or-as-since)Argument十大逻辑错误分类一﹑调查类错误1﹑调查过程错误Procedure⑴Selectivesample:选择性样本/片面性样本(首先质疑不随机,随机也要大范围内随机,不能在小范围内随机;样本数量少,不够随机.)Unlessthesurveyorsamplesasufficientnumberof…anddoessorandomlyacrosstheentirespectrum,thesurveyresultsarenotreliabletogauge…generally.⑵Quantityofsampl
6、e:只有绝对值、相对值,没有数量insufficient(普遍性、代表性)Thenumberofsamples/respondents,itself,doesnotensure/guaranteerepresentativeness.Forexample,ifthesampleincludes/involvesonly……,thentheresultswouldnodoubtsuggest…….⑶被访者是否说了真话,这是个小错误,可攻击也可不攻击(结果是否匿名、被访者是否有利益关系,比如衣服、价格Wearenotinformedwhet
7、herthesurveyresponsesareanonymous,evenconfidential.Iftheywerenot,……)2﹑调查结果类错误⑴数据是否有意义,数据是否含糊。Theargumenttellsusthatmany/anumberof…….Howeverthespeakerfailstoindicatethepercentageof…….Sothisevidenceisfartoovaguetobemeaningful.Theauthorfailstoprovideinformationregardingthea
8、bsolutenumberof…….⑵调查者错误researcher:应是中立机构或第三方(we,cross-bencher,non-aligned)⑶调查时间类错误,若不是closeenough就有问题;