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1、Inthisargument，theauthorconcludes/recommendsthat….Tosupportthisconclusion/recommendation,theauthorpointsout/cites….Inaddition/Onthebasisofthis,theauthoralsocitesthat….Thisargumentsuffersfromseveralcritical/logicalflaws,whichrenderitunconvincingasitstands./However,closescrutinyoftheargume
2、ntrevealsseverallogicalproblems,whichrenderitunconvincingasitstands.PE(paragraphending)：Lackingclearerevidencethat…,theauthorcannotexpectustotakeseriouslytheclaim/convincemethat…Withoutaddressingthisissue/consideringotherfactorsthatmightcontributeto…/rulingoutsuch/otherpossibilities/expl
3、anations/accountingfor…,theauthorcannotjustifiablyconcludethat…/justifytheclaim/convincemethat…/makeanysoundrecommendationto…Inshort,theauthormustprovidesomeevidenceof…beforeIcanaccepttheauthor’sfinalconclusionthat…(接Perhaps…)Ifso,thisfact/Eitherscenario/Anyofthesescenarios,ifture,woulds
4、ignificantly/seriouslyundermine/weaken(thearguer’scontention/conclusionthat)…正1→小样本、代表性、随机性、权威性(1)Athresholdproblemwiththeargumentinvlovesthestatisticalreliabilityofthesurveybecausethesizeofthesampleistoosmalltobesufficient.Also,thesamplemightbeunrepresentativeof…asawhole.Withoutasuffici
5、entlyrepresentativesample,theauthorcannotdrawanyconclusionwhatsoeveronthebasisofthestudy.（小样本、代表性）(2)…arerarelysufficienttoestablishageneralconclusion.Fromthesurveyquotedinthisargument,wefindnosignofsuchproceduresforrandomsamplingsandhavegoodreasonstodoubtifthesampleisrepresentativeenoug
6、htoreflectthegeneralsituationasawhole.Besides,…providesnoinformationaboutwhatpercentageof…respondedtothesurveys.Thelowerthepercentage,thelessreliabletheresultsofthesurveys/study’sconclusion.（随机性、代表性）结尾总结用Tobetterevaluatethereliabilityofthestudyuponwhichtheauthor’sconclusiondepends,Iwould
7、needmoreinformationaboutthesize/randomnessofthestudy’ssample.正2→对比试验Theauthorprovidesnoinformationconcerning/omitstoinformusaboutA,B,CandD.Itisimpossibletoconcludewithoutcomparingthetwogroupssubjects.Forexample,….Withoutevidenceofthestudy’smethodological(andstatistical)re
