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1、SimpleSyntaxandStructure(Revise)Name:辛婷StudentID:201305001952AbstractThefieldoflinguistics,thescientificstudyofhumannaturallanguage,isagrowingandexcitingareaofstudy,withanimportantimpactonfieldsasdiverseaseducation,anthropology,sociology,languageteaching,cognitivepsychology,philosophy,c
2、omputerscience,neuroscience,andantificialintelligence,amongothers.Moreandmorescholarsarenowshowinganinterestinadoptinglinguisticapproachestosyntaxstudies.Syntaxisabranchoflinguisticsthatstudiestherulesthatgoverntheformationofsentences.Inthispaperitisconcernedwiththecompositionofsentence
3、sbyintroductingsomeofthemostcommoncategoriesofwordsinEnglishaswellassomesimplerulesthatgoverntheorganizationofthesecategoriesintolargerstructuralunits.Sentencescanbestudiedintwodilferentways:Statically,wecandescribethestructuresofsentencestoillustratetherelationshipamongtheelementsofase
4、ntence・KeywordsSyntax;lexicalcategories;phrasestructurerule;theSrule;trasfoiTnationsLIntroductionTherearehalfadozenmajordifferentsyntactictheories・Inalllanguages,sentencesarestructuredincertainspecificways・Whatissyntacticstructure,andwhatdoesitmeantosaythatsentencesarestmctiired?Likeman
5、yotherquestionsthatcanbeposedabouthumanlanguage,itisdifficulttoanswerthisoneinanydirectfashion.Infact,itisimpossibletoanswerthequestionWhatisstructure?Withoutactuallyconstmctingatheoryofsyntax,andindeedoneofthecentralconcernsofcurrenttheoriesofsyntaxistoprovideananswertothisquestion.Rat
6、her,ourstudyofsyntaxwillbeanattempttofindadefinition.Thatis,giventhatwecanrecognizethatsentencesaremadeupofindividualwords(whichwecanisolate),itwouldseemthattheminimalassumptionwecouldmakewouldbethatsentencesarenothingmorethanwordsstrungoutinlinearorder,oneaftertheother.2.CategoriesCate
7、goiyreferstoagroupoflinguisticitemswhichfulfillthesameorsimilarfiinctionsinaparticularlanguagesuchasasentence,anounphraseoraverb・2」Word-levelcategoriesWordCategoryreferstoagroupoflinguisticitemswhichfiilfillthesameorsimilarfunctionsinaparticularlanguage.Traditionally,categoryis
