【9A文】尤金·奈达Eugene-Nida翻译理论

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1、【MeiWei_81重点借鉴文档】EugeneNidaDRnamicEquivalenceandFormalEquivalenceEugeneA.Nida(1914--)isadistinguishedAmericantranslationtheoristaswellasalinguist.HistranslationtheorRhaseRertedagreatinfluenceontranslationstudiesinWesterncountries.HisworkontranslatoinsetoffthestudRofmoderntranslat

2、ionasanacademicfield,andheisregarededas“thepatriarchoftranslationstudRandafounderofthediscipline”（Snell-HornbR1988:1;Baker1998:277）Nida’stheorRofdRnamicequivalenceishismajorcontributiontotranslationstudies.Theconceptisfirstmentionedinhisarticle“PrinciplesofTranslationasERemplifie

3、dbRBibleTranslating”(1959)（《从圣经翻译看翻译原则》）asheattemptstodefinetranslating.InhisinfluentialworkTowardaScienceofTranslating(1964)（《翻译原则科学探索》）,hepostulatesdRnamicequivalenttranslationasfollows:Insuchatranslation(dRnamicequivalenttranslation)oneisnotsoconcernedwithmatchingthereceptor-l

4、anguagemessagewiththesource-languagemessage,butwiththedRnamicrelationship,thattherelationshipbetweenreceptorandmessageshouldbesubstantiallRthesameasthateRistedbetweentheoriginalreceptorsandthemessage(1964:159)However,hedoesnotgiveacleardefinitionofdRnamicequivalenceuntill1969.Inh

5、is1969teRtbookTheThoerRandPracticeofTranslation（《翻译理论与实践》）,dRnamicequivalenceisdefined“intermsofthedegreetowhichthereceptorsofthemessagesinthereceptorlanguagerespondtoitinsubstantiallRthesamemannerasthereceptoresinthesourcelanguage”(1969:24)TheeRpression“dRnamicequivalence”issupe

6、rsededbR“functionalequivalencev”inhisworkFromOneLanguagetoAnother(1986,withDeWaard)（《从一种语言到另一种语言》）.However,thereisessentiallRnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwoconcepts.Thesubstitutionof“functionalequivalence”isjusttostresstheconceptoffunctionandtoavoidmisunderstandingsoftheterm“dRnam

7、ic”,whichismistakenbRsomepersonsforsomethinginthesenseofimpact(Nida1993:124).InLanguage,CultureandTranslating(1993)（《语言与文化：翻译中的语境》,“functionalequivalence”isfurtherdividedintocategoriesontwolevels:theminimallevelandthemaRimallevel.Theminimallevelof“functionalequivalence”isdefineda

8、s“ThereadersofatranslatedteRtshouldbeabl